Abstract
BA, NAA and metamitron (MM) were tested alone or in combination to induce fruit thinning on ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple cultivars. In ‘Gala’ 225 mg L-1 MM, 100 mg L-1 BA and 10 mg L-1 NAA were applied while in ‘Golden Delicious’ higher concentration were used: 300 mg L-1 MM, 150 mg L-1 BA and 15 mg L-1 NAA. All the compounds were applied once 7 days after full bloom or 21 days after full bloom or in repeated applications on both dates, always in combination with MM. The application of MM 7 days after full bloom resulted in a weak efficacy in both cultivars. The application of MM 21 days after full bloom, when temperature conditions during and after the application were more favorable, induced a higher efficacy, that results in reduced number of fruits tree-1, improved fruit size and satisfactory return bloom. Individual BA treatments, regardless of application timing and temperature conditions did not induce satisfactory thinning in both cultivars. NAA efficacy was cultivar dependent: early application improved fruit weight and fruit size distribution in ‘Gala’. In ‘Golden Delicious’, the second application reduced the number of fruits tree-1, increased average fruit weight reducing share of small fruit in the total yield. Sequential application of MM together with BA and NAA was the most reliable option for chemical thinning in both cultivars. MM as the second thinner caused slightly over thinning in ‘Gala’, easier to thin than ‘Golden Delicious’. In ‘Golden Delicious’ only sequential early BA together with late MM application simultaneously reduced fruit number, increased fruit size and provided acceptable return bloom. © 2022 International Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Metamitron applied 21 days after full bloom reduced the number of fruits per tree more than the 7-day application.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- MM 21 days after full bloome1
- Outcome
- number of fruits tree-1e1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- when temperature conditions during and after the application were more favorablee1
- Comparator
- MM 7 days after full bloome2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical thinning induced by single and sequential application of BA, NAA and metamitron on ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple”
e1“The application of MM 21 days after full bloom, when temperature conditions during and after the application were more favorable, induced a higher efficacy, that results in reduced number of fruits tree-1, improved fruit size and satisfactory return bloom”
e2“The application of MM 7 days after full bloom resulted in a weak efficacy in both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Metamitron applied 21 days after full bloom improved apple fruit size relative to the 7-day application.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- MM 21 days after full bloome1
- Outcome
- fruit sizee1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- MM 7 days after full bloome2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical thinning induced by single and sequential application of BA, NAA and metamitron on ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple”
e1“The application of MM 21 days after full bloom, when temperature conditions during and after the application were more favorable, induced a higher efficacy, that results in reduced number of fruits tree-1, improved fruit size and satisfactory return bloom”
e2“The application of MM 7 days after full bloom resulted in a weak efficacy in both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Metamitron applied 21 days after full bloom gave satisfactory return bloom in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- MM 21 days after full bloome1
- Outcome
- satisfactory return bloome1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical thinning induced by single and sequential application of BA, NAA and metamitron on ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple”
e1“The application of MM 21 days after full bloom, when temperature conditions during and after the application were more favorable, induced a higher efficacy, that results in reduced number of fruits tree-1, improved fruit size and satisfactory return bloom”
Claim · model-written summary
Metamitron applied 7 days after full bloom had weak thinning efficacy in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- MM 7 days after full bloome2
- Outcome
- efficacye2
- Qualifier
- weake2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical thinning induced by single and sequential application of BA, NAA and metamitron on ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple”
e2“The application of MM 7 days after full bloom resulted in a weak efficacy in both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual BA treatments did not induce satisfactory thinning in apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Individual BA treatmentse3
- Outcome
- satisfactory thinninge3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical thinning induced by single and sequential application of BA, NAA and metamitron on ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple”
e3“Individual BA treatments, regardless of application timing and temperature conditions did not induce satisfactory thinning in both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Early NAA application improved fruit weight and fruit size distribution in Gala apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Galae4
- Treatment
- NAAe4
- Outcome
- fruit weight and fruit size distributione4
- Direction
- improvede4
- Qualifier
- early applicatione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical thinning induced by single and sequential application of BA, NAA and metamitron on ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple”
e4“NAA efficacy was cultivar dependent: early application improved fruit weight and fruit size distribution in ‘Gala’”
Claim · model-written summary
The second NAA application reduced the number of fruits per tree in Golden Delicious.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Golden Deliciouse5
- Treatment
- second applicatione5
- Outcome
- number of fruits tree-1e5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical thinning induced by single and sequential application of BA, NAA and metamitron on ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple”
e5“In ‘Golden Delicious’, the second application reduced the number of fruits tree-1, increased average fruit weight reducing share of small fruit in the total yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The second NAA application increased average fruit weight in Golden Delicious, reducing the share of small fruit in the total yield.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Golden Deliciouse5
- Treatment
- second applicatione5
- Outcome
- average fruit weighte5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- reducing share of small fruit in the total yielde5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical thinning induced by single and sequential application of BA, NAA and metamitron on ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple”
e5“In ‘Golden Delicious’, the second application reduced the number of fruits tree-1, increased average fruit weight reducing share of small fruit in the total yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential application of MM with BA and NAA was the most reliable chemical thinning option in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Sequential application of MM together with BA and NAAe6
- Outcome
- most reliable option for chemical thinninge6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical thinning induced by single and sequential application of BA, NAA and metamitron on ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple”
e6“Sequential application of MM together with BA and NAA was the most reliable option for chemical thinning in both cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
MM as the second thinner caused slight over-thinning in Gala apple.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Galae7
- Treatment
- MM as the second thinnere7
- Outcome
- over thinninge7
- Qualifier
- slightlye7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical thinning induced by single and sequential application of BA, NAA and metamitron on ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple”
e7“MM as the second thinner caused slightly over thinning in ‘Gala’, easier to thin than ‘Golden Delicious’”
Claim · model-written summary
Gala apple was easier to thin than Golden Delicious.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Galae7
- Outcome
- easier to thine7
- Comparator
- Golden Deliciouse7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical thinning induced by single and sequential application of BA, NAA and metamitron on ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple”
e7“MM as the second thinner caused slightly over thinning in ‘Gala’, easier to thin than ‘Golden Delicious’”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential early BA with late MM reduced the fruit number in Golden Delicious.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Golden Deliciouse0
- Treatment
- sequential early BA together with late MM applicatione0
- Outcome
- fruit numbere0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical thinning induced by single and sequential application of BA, NAA and metamitron on ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple”
e0“In ‘Golden Delicious’ only sequential early BA together with late MM application simultaneously reduced fruit number, increased fruit size and provided acceptable return bloom”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential early BA with late MM increased fruit size in Golden Delicious.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Golden Deliciouse0
- Treatment
- sequential early BA together with late MM applicatione0
- Outcome
- fruit sizee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical thinning induced by single and sequential application of BA, NAA and metamitron on ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple”
e0“In ‘Golden Delicious’ only sequential early BA together with late MM application simultaneously reduced fruit number, increased fruit size and provided acceptable return bloom”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential early BA with late MM gave acceptable return bloom in Golden Delicious.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Golden Deliciouse0
- Treatment
- sequential early BA together with late MM applicatione0
- Outcome
- acceptable return bloome0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Chemical thinning induced by single and sequential application of BA, NAA and metamitron on ‘Gala’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ apple”
e0“In ‘Golden Delicious’ only sequential early BA together with late MM application simultaneously reduced fruit number, increased fruit size and provided acceptable return bloom”
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