Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the thinning efficacy of metamitron applied either alone (single or double application) or in combination with 6-benzyladenine (BA) or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) in young 'Gala' and 'Golden Delicious' apple trees. The experiment was carried out during the first three crop seasons, 2014, 2015, and 2016, at the commercial orchard located on the mountain Fruska Gora, Serbia. Application of chemical thinners was carried out at two fruit diameter stages (6-9 and 12-15 mm). The number of fruit and yield per tree, fruit size distribution, parameters of fruit ripeness, and return bloom were assessed. Single metamitron treatments were effective when the weather conditions were favourable on the day of application and 3 days after (minimum night temperature >10 °C, maximum daily temperature >20 °C) regardless of fruit diameter stages. A reduction in fruit number per tree was followed by an increase in mean fruit weight. Double metamitron application at lower concentration caused relatively stable thinning activity during the whole experimental period in both cultivars tested. Metamitron combined with either BA or NAA at standard rates significantly reduced the negative influence of low temperature on metamitron thinning activity in the first experimental year. These treatments slightly influenced overthinning in 'Gala' trees if applied when the air temperature was too high (minimum night temperature >15 °C, maximum daily temperature >25 °C). Repeated metamitron treatment and treatments in which metamitron was combined with BA and NAA resulted in an increase in fruit size and share of large fruit in the total yield during the whole experimental period in both cultivars tested. A reduction in fruit number per tree affected by these treatments was followed by increasing flowering intensity in the subsequent year, with the exception of double metamitron application to 'Golden Delicious' trees in the last experimental year. Fruit maturity parameters were slightly different under the influence of metamitron treatments.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Single metamitron effectively thinned fruit under favourable temperatures at either fruit diameter stage.
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- Single metamitron treatmentse0
- Outcome
- effectivee0
- Direction
- effectivee0
- Qualifier
- minimum night temperature >10 °C, maximum daily temperature >20 °Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple trees”
e0“Single metamitron treatments were effective when the weather conditions were favourable on the day of application and 3 days after (minimum night temperature >10 °C, maximum daily temperature >20 °C) regardless of fruit diameter stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced fruit number was accompanied by greater mean fruit weight.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- mean fruit weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- fruit number per treee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple trees”
e0“A reduction in fruit number per tree was followed by an increase in mean fruit weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Double lower concentration metamitron gave stable thinning in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Double metamitron application at lower concentratione0
- Outcome
- thinning activitye0
- Direction
- relatively stablee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple trees”
e0“Double metamitron application at lower concentration caused relatively stable thinning activity during the whole experimental period in both cultivars tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Metamitron with BA significantly reduced the adverse effect of low temperature on thinning.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Metamitron combined with either BAe0
- Outcome
- negative influence of low temperature on metamitron thinning activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple trees”
e0“Metamitron combined with either BA or NAA at standard rates significantly reduced the negative influence of low temperature on metamitron thinning activity in the first experimental year”
Claim · model-written summary
Metamitron with NAA significantly reduced the adverse effect of low temperature on thinning.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Metamitron combined with either BA or NAAe0
- Outcome
- negative influence of low temperature on metamitron thinning activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple trees”
e0“Metamitron combined with either BA or NAA at standard rates significantly reduced the negative influence of low temperature on metamitron thinning activity in the first experimental year”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined thinning treatments slightly caused overthinning in Gala at high temperatures.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- 'Gala'e0
- Treatment
- These treatmentse0
- Outcome
- overthinninge0
- Qualifier
- minimum night temperature >15 °C, maximum daily temperature >25 °Ce0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple trees”
e0“These treatments slightly influenced overthinning in 'Gala' trees if applied when the air temperature was too high (minimum night temperature >15 °C, maximum daily temperature >25 °C)”
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated metamitron increased fruit size and the share of large fruit.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Repeated metamitron treatmente0
- Outcome
- fruit size and share of large fruit in the total yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple trees”
e0“Repeated metamitron treatment and treatments in which metamitron was combined with BA and NAA resulted in an increase in fruit size and share of large fruit in the total yield during the whole experimental period in both cultivars tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Metamitron combined with BA and NAA increased fruit size and large fruit share.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- metamitron was combined with BA and NAAe0
- Outcome
- fruit size and share of large fruit in the total yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple trees”
e0“Repeated metamitron treatment and treatments in which metamitron was combined with BA and NAA resulted in an increase in fruit size and share of large fruit in the total yield during the whole experimental period in both cultivars tested”
Claim · model-written summary
Thinning treatment related fruit number reduction to higher subsequent flowering, except the final Golden Delicious double application.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- these treatmentse0
- Outcome
- flowering intensity in the subsequent yeare0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- exception of double metamitron application to 'Golden Delicious' trees in the last experimental yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple trees”
e0“A reduction in fruit number per tree affected by these treatments was followed by increasing flowering intensity in the subsequent year, with the exception of double metamitron application to 'Golden Delicious' trees in the last experimental year”
Claim · model-written summary
Metamitron treatments slightly altered fruit maturity parameters.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- metamitron treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Fruit maturity parameterse0
- Direction
- slightly differente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple trees”
e0“Fruit maturity parameters were slightly different under the influence of metamitron treatments”
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