Abstract
Context Agronomic biofortification of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with zinc (Zn) is an effective approach to increase grain Zn concentration and productivity and alleviate Zn malnutrition in humans. Foliar Zn application is an alternative strategy to endorse soil Zn deficiency with better grain Zn partitioning. Aims This study aimed to better understand dose management of soil and foliar Zn application in wheat for biofortification. Methods The objectives was to evaluate the effect of foliar applied nano Zn doses (0, 0.75, 1.5, 3 and 6 kg/ha (zinc oxide, ZnO) 50% at tillering and 50% at grain filling in combination) with soil Zn application (0 and 8 kg/ha, as zinc sulfate) on growth, nutrition, Zn use efficiencies, intake and yield biofortification of wheat in 2019 and 2020 under Brazilian savanna. Key results Combined foliar and soil Zn application increased shoot and grains Zn concentration and accumulation with greater dry matter (9.8 and 10.6%) and grain yield (9.8 and 11%) of wheat as compared to control in 2019 and 2020 respectively. Zinc use efficiency (ZnUE), Zn utilisation efficiency and applied Zn recovery improved with soil Zn application and 2.5 kg/ha foliar nano Zn, but decreased with further increase in foliar Zn application. Zn sulfate stood out for increasing crop productivity while foliar spray with nano Zn for better grains biofortification of wheat. Conclusions Soil Zn application along with 3 kg/ha of foliar nano Zn increased plant and grains Zn concentration and accumulation, dry matter, grain yield, Zn partitioning index and Zn intake in wheat in tropical conditions of Brazil. Implications The combined application of soil and foliar Zn in harsh tropical savannah condition could better improve Zn nutrition, crop growth, and productivity with better Zn biofortification and intake of wheat.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Combined soil and foliar zinc increased wheat shoot zinc concentration and accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Combined foliar and soil Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- shoot and grains Zn concentration and accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined foliar and soil Zn application increased shoot and grains Zn concentration and accumulation”
t0“wheat”
e1“as compared to control in 2019 and 2020 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined soil and foliar zinc increased wheat grain zinc concentration and accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Combined foliar and soil Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- grains Zn concentration and accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined foliar and soil Zn application increased shoot and grains Zn concentration and accumulation”
t0“wheat”
e1“as compared to control in 2019 and 2020 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined zinc application increased dry matter by 9.8% in 2019.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Combined foliar and soil Zn applicatione1
- Outcome
- dry mattere0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 9.8e0
- Qualifier
- 2019e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater dry matter (9.8 and 10.6%) and grain yield (9.8 and 11%) of wheat as compared to control in 2019 and 2020 respectively”
e1“Combined foliar and soil Zn application”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined zinc application increased dry matter by 10.6% in 2020.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Combined foliar and soil Zn applicatione1
- Outcome
- dry mattere0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 10.6%e0
- Qualifier
- 2020e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater dry matter (9.8 and 10.6%) and grain yield (9.8 and 11%) of wheat as compared to control in 2019 and 2020 respectively”
e1“Combined foliar and soil Zn application”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined zinc application increased wheat grain yield by 9.8% in 2019.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Combined foliar and soil Zn applicatione1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 9.8e0
- Qualifier
- 2019e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater dry matter (9.8 and 10.6%) and grain yield (9.8 and 11%) of wheat as compared to control in 2019 and 2020 respectively”
e1“Combined foliar and soil Zn application”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined zinc application increased wheat grain yield by 11% in 2020.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Combined foliar and soil Zn applicatione1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 11%e0
- Qualifier
- 2020e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greater dry matter (9.8 and 10.6%) and grain yield (9.8 and 11%) of wheat as compared to control in 2019 and 2020 respectively”
e1“Combined foliar and soil Zn application”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil zinc plus 2.5 kg/ha foliar nanozinc improved zinc use efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil Zn application and 2.5 kg/ha foliar nano Zne0
- Outcome
- Zinc use efficiency (ZnUE)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc use efficiency (ZnUE), Zn utilisation efficiency and applied Zn recovery improved with soil Zn application and 2.5 kg/ha foliar nano Zn”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil zinc plus 2.5 kg/ha foliar nanozinc improved zinc utilisation efficiency.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil Zn application and 2.5 kg/ha foliar nano Zne0
- Outcome
- Zn utilisation efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc use efficiency (ZnUE), Zn utilisation efficiency and applied Zn recovery improved with soil Zn application and 2.5 kg/ha foliar nano Zn”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil zinc plus 2.5 kg/ha foliar nanozinc improved applied zinc recovery.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil Zn application and 2.5 kg/ha foliar nano Zne0
- Outcome
- applied Zn recoverye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc use efficiency (ZnUE), Zn utilisation efficiency and applied Zn recovery improved with soil Zn application and 2.5 kg/ha foliar nano Zn”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Further foliar zinc increases decreased zinc use efficiency, utilisation efficiency and recovery.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- further increase in foliar Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- ZnUEe1
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but decreased with further increase in foliar Zn application”
t0“wheat”
e1“Zinc use efficiency (ZnUE)”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc sulfate increased crop productivity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn sulfatee0
- Outcome
- crop productivitye0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn sulfate stood out for increasing crop productivity”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nanozinc improved grain biofortification.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- foliar spray with nano Zne0
- Outcome
- grains biofortificatione0
- Direction
- bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar spray with nano Zn for better grains biofortification of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil zinc plus 3 kg/ha foliar nanozinc increased plant and grain zinc concentration and accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Soil Zn application along with 3 kg/ha of foliar nano Zne0
- Outcome
- plant and grains Zn concentration and accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil Zn application along with 3 kg/ha of foliar nano Zn increased plant and grains Zn concentration and accumulation”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil zinc plus 3 kg/ha foliar nanozinc increased wheat dry matter and grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Soil Zn application along with 3 kg/ha of foliar nano Zne1
- Outcome
- dry matter, grain yielde0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Setting
- Brazile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry matter, grain yield, Zn partitioning index and Zn intake in wheat in tropical conditions of Brazil”
e1“Soil Zn application along with 3 kg/ha of foliar nano Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil zinc plus 3 kg/ha foliar nanozinc increased zinc partitioning index and intake.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Soil Zn application along with 3 kg/ha of foliar nano Zne1
- Outcome
- Zn partitioning index and Zn intakee0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Setting
- Brazile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dry matter, grain yield, Zn partitioning index and Zn intake in wheat in tropical conditions of Brazil”
e1“Soil Zn application along with 3 kg/ha of foliar nano Zn”
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See all 307 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.