Abstract
The influence of foliar application of silicon (Si) on chlorophyll contents, chlorophyll fluorescence, and growth of four wheat cultivars differing in drought tolerance (Sirvan and Chamran, as relatively drought tolerant, and Shiraz and Marvdasht, as drought sensitive) was examined under water deficit (100% and 40% F.C.) created in a greenhouse. The results showed that water deficit decreased shoot and root lengths, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, water utilization efficiency, chlorophyll a and b, and chlorophyll stability index. In contrast, foliar application of Si improved plant growth parameters and chlorophyll pigment concentration under water deficit; however, it did not significantly affect wheat growth under control conditions. Limited water supply reduced the values of minimal fluorescence from dark-adapted leaf (F0), maximal fluorescence from dark-adapted leaf (Fm), maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of PSII (PSII), photochemical quenching (qP), and apparent photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR). However, under water deficit, foliar application of Si application increased the earlier mentioned parameters. In contrast, nonphotochemical quenching (qN) and F0/ Fm increased under water deficit, and application of Si further improved these parameters. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis suggested that Si alleviated water deficit-induced adverse effects by reducing nonphotochemical quenching, while increasing Fv/Fm and qP, so that it improved the light use efficiency in the four wheat cultivars under stress. Overall, we concluded that drought-sensitive cultivars (Shiraz and Marvdasht) could resemble resistant cultivars upon foliar application of silicon.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit decreased shoot and root lengths and shoot dry weight of wheat in the greenhouse.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- water deficite2
- Outcome
- shoot and root lengths, shoot dry weighte2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Setting
- greenhousee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four wheat cultivars differing in drought tolerance”
e1“created in a greenhouse”
e2“water deficit decreased shoot and root lengths, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, water utilization efficiency, chlorophyll a and b, and chlorophyll stability index”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit decreased root dry weight and water utilization efficiency of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- water deficite2
- Outcome
- root dry weight, water utilization efficiencye2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four wheat cultivars differing in drought tolerance”
e2“water deficit decreased shoot and root lengths, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, water utilization efficiency, chlorophyll a and b, and chlorophyll stability index”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit decreased chlorophyll a and b and chlorophyll stability index of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- water deficite2
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a and b, and chlorophyll stability indexe2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four wheat cultivars differing in drought tolerance”
e2“water deficit decreased shoot and root lengths, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, water utilization efficiency, chlorophyll a and b, and chlorophyll stability index”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar silicon improved plant growth parameters and chlorophyll pigment concentration of wheat under water deficit.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- foliar application of Sie3
- Outcome
- plant growth parameters and chlorophyll pigment concentratione3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Comparator
- water deficite3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four wheat cultivars differing in drought tolerance”
e3“foliar application of Si improved plant growth parameters and chlorophyll pigment concentration under water deficit”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar silicon did not significantly affect wheat growth under control conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume4
- Treatment
- foliar application of Sie3
- Outcome
- wheat growthe4
- Direction
- did not significantly affecte4
- Comparator
- control conditionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“foliar application of Si improved plant growth parameters and chlorophyll pigment concentration under water deficit”
e4“it did not significantly affect wheat growth under control conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Limited water supply reduced minimal fluorescence (F0), maximal fluorescence (Fm) and maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) of wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Limited water supplye5
- Outcome
- minimal fluorescence from dark-adapted leaf (F0), maximal fluorescence from dark-adapted leaf (Fm), maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm)e5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four wheat cultivars differing in drought tolerance”
e5“Limited water supply reduced the values of minimal fluorescence from dark-adapted leaf (F0), maximal fluorescence from dark-adapted leaf (Fm), maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of PSII (PSII), photochemical quenching (qP), and apparent photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Limited water supply reduced effective quantum yield of PSII, photochemical quenching and apparent electron transport rate of wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Limited water supplye5
- Outcome
- effective quantum yield of PSII (PSII), photochemical quenching (qP), and apparent photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR)e5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four wheat cultivars differing in drought tolerance”
e5“Limited water supply reduced the values of minimal fluorescence from dark-adapted leaf (F0), maximal fluorescence from dark-adapted leaf (Fm), maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of PSII (PSII), photochemical quenching (qP), and apparent photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under water deficit, foliar silicon increased the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of wheat that water deficit had reduced.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- foliar application of Sie6
- Outcome
- the earlier mentioned parameterse6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Comparator
- water deficite6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four wheat cultivars differing in drought tolerance”
e6“under water deficit, foliar application of Si application increased the earlier mentioned parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Under water deficit, foliar silicon further improved nonphotochemical quenching (qN) and F0/Fm of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- application of Sie7
- Outcome
- nonphotochemical quenching (qN) and F0/ Fme7
- Direction
- improvede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four wheat cultivars differing in drought tolerance”
e7“nonphotochemical quenching (qN) and F0/ Fm increased under water deficit, and application of Si further improved these parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis suggests that silicon alleviated water-deficit adverse effects in wheat by reducing nonphotochemical quenching while increasing Fv/Fm and qP.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Sie7
- Outcome
- water deficit-induced adverse effectse7
- Qualifier
- by reducing nonphotochemical quenching, while increasing Fv/Fm and qPe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four wheat cultivars differing in drought tolerance”
e7“Si alleviated water deficit-induced adverse effects by reducing nonphotochemical quenching, while increasing Fv/Fm and qP”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon improved the light use efficiency of wheat cultivars under water stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- Sie6
- Outcome
- light use efficiencye7
- Direction
- improvede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Si alleviated water deficit-induced adverse effects by reducing nonphotochemical quenching, while increasing Fv/Fm and qP”
e7“so that it improved the light use efficiency in the four wheat cultivars under stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought-sensitive wheat cultivars Shiraz and Marvdasht could resemble resistant cultivars after foliar silicon application.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Shiraz and Marvdashte7
- Treatment
- foliar application of silicone7
- Outcome
- could resemble resistant cultivarse7
- Direction
- resemblee7
- Comparator
- resistant cultivarse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“four wheat cultivars differing in drought tolerance”
e7“drought-sensitive cultivars (Shiraz and Marvdasht) could resemble resistant cultivars upon foliar application of silicon”
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