Abstract
Abstract Water shortage threatens agricultural sustainability in China, effective water-saving technologies urgently need to be developed. In this study, five treatments were conducted: rainfed (W0), a local supplemental irrigation (SI) practice (W1), and three treatments in which soil water content was tested prior to SI, specifically at 0–20 (W2), 0–40 (W3) and 0–60 cm (W4) soil layers. Soil water consumption in W3 had no differ with W2 but was higher than W1 and W4. Crop evapotranspiration in W1, W3 and W4 treatments were higher than that in W2. W3 treatment had higher leaf area index than W1 and W4 at later grain filling stages. The mean photosynthetically active radiation capture ratio in W3, especially at 20, 40 and 60 cm plant heights, were significantly higher than those in W1, W2 and W4. The chlorophyll content index, actual photosynthetic activities, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities of flag leaves from W3 were the highest after the middle grain filling stages. W3 treatment obtained the highest grain yield (9169 kg ha −1 ) and water use efficiency (20.8 kg ha −1 mm −1 ) in the two seasons. These benefits likely accrued through created a suitable soil moisture environment in W3 treatment.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Soil water consumption in W3 did not differ from W2 under supplemental irrigation in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- Winter Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- soil water content was tested prior to SIe0
- Outcome
- Soil water consumptione1
- Direction
- no differe1
- Qualifier
- W3e1
- Comparator
- W2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“soil water content was tested prior to SI, specifically at 0–20 (W2), 0–40 (W3) and 0–60 cm (W4) soil layers”
e1“Soil water consumption in W3 had no differ with W2 but was higher than W1 and W4”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil water consumption in W3 was higher than in W1 and W4 under supplemental irrigation in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil water content was tested prior to SIe0
- Outcome
- Soil water consumptione1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- W3e1
- Comparator
- W1 and W4e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“soil water content was tested prior to SI, specifically at 0–20 (W2), 0–40 (W3) and 0–60 cm (W4) soil layers”
e1“Soil water consumption in W3 had no differ with W2 but was higher than W1 and W4”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop evapotranspiration in W1, W3 and W4 was higher than in W2 in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- W1, W3 and W4e1
- Outcome
- Crop evapotranspiratione1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- W2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“Crop evapotranspiration in W1, W3 and W4 treatments were higher than that in W2”
Claim · model-written summary
W3 had higher leaf area index than W1 and W4 at later grain filling stages.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- later grain filling stagese1
- Treatment
- soil water content was tested prior to SIe0
- Outcome
- leaf area indexe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- W1 and W4e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“soil water content was tested prior to SI, specifically at 0–20 (W2), 0–40 (W3) and 0–60 cm (W4) soil layers”
e1“W3 treatment had higher leaf area index than W1 and W4 at later grain filling stages”
Claim · model-written summary
The mean photosynthetically active radiation capture ratio in W3 was significantly higher than in W1, W2 and W4, especially at 20, 40 and 60 cm plant heights.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil water content was tested prior to SIe0
- Outcome
- mean photosynthetically active radiation capture ratioe1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- especially at 20, 40 and 60 cm plant heightse1
- Comparator
- W1, W2 and W4e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“soil water content was tested prior to SI, specifically at 0–20 (W2), 0–40 (W3) and 0–60 cm (W4) soil layers”
e1“The mean photosynthetically active radiation capture ratio in W3, especially at 20, 40 and 60 cm plant heights, were significantly higher than those in W1, W2 and W4”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll content index and actual photosynthetic activity of flag leaves in W3 were the highest after the middle grain filling stages.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- flag leavese1
- Treatment
- soil water content was tested prior to SIe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content index, actual photosynthetic activitiese1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- after the middle grain filling stagese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“soil water content was tested prior to SI, specifically at 0–20 (W2), 0–40 (W3) and 0–60 cm (W4) soil layers”
e1“The chlorophyll content index, actual photosynthetic activities, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities of flag leaves from W3 were the highest after the middle grain filling stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Catalase and superoxide dismutase activities of flag leaves in W3 were the highest after the middle grain filling stages.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- flag leavese1
- Treatment
- soil water content was tested prior to SIe0
- Outcome
- catalase and superoxide dismutase activitiese1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- after the middle grain filling stagese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“soil water content was tested prior to SI, specifically at 0–20 (W2), 0–40 (W3) and 0–60 cm (W4) soil layers”
e1“The chlorophyll content index, actual photosynthetic activities, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities of flag leaves from W3 were the highest after the middle grain filling stages”
Claim · model-written summary
W3 obtained the highest grain yield, 9169 kg ha −1, in the two seasons.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil water content was tested prior to SIe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 9169 kg ha −1e1
- Qualifier
- in the two seasonse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“soil water content was tested prior to SI, specifically at 0–20 (W2), 0–40 (W3) and 0–60 cm (W4) soil layers”
e1“W3 treatment obtained the highest grain yield (9169 kg ha −1 ) and water use efficiency (20.8 kg ha −1 mm −1 ) in the two seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
W3 obtained the highest water use efficiency, 20.8 kg ha −1 mm −1, in the two seasons.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil water content was tested prior to SIe0
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 20.8 kg ha −1 mm −1e1
- Qualifier
- in the two seasonse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“soil water content was tested prior to SI, specifically at 0–20 (W2), 0–40 (W3) and 0–60 cm (W4) soil layers”
e1“W3 treatment obtained the highest grain yield (9169 kg ha −1 ) and water use efficiency (20.8 kg ha −1 mm −1 ) in the two seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
The yield and water use benefits likely arose from a suitable soil moisture environment created in W3.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- W3 treatmente1
- Outcome
- These benefitse1
- Qualifier
- created a suitable soil moisture environmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e1“These benefits likely accrued through created a suitable soil moisture environment in W3 treatment”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.