Abstract
Salinity and Zn deficiency in soils are two factors that may change the phytoavailability of Zn and Cd. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of salinity and Zn application on soil Cd and Zn solubility and their concentration in wheat shoots. A greenhouse experiment with wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Rushan) consisting of two levels of Zn (0 and 15 mg Zn kg −1 , in the form of ZnSO 4 ), and five salinity levels of irrigation water (0, 60, 120, and 180 m M NaCl, and 120 m M NaNO 3 ) in triplicate was conducted. Wheat was seeded in pots. After 45 d of growth, the shoots were harvested, and Zn and Cd concentrations were determined. After harvesting, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and concentrations of anions and cations were determined in soil saturation extracts. Concentrations of Cd and Zn species in soil solution were predicted using the speciation program MINTEQA2. Increasing salinity increased total Cd (Cd T ), Cd 2+ , CdCl + , CdHCO 3 + , and CdCl 2 0 concentrations in the soil solution, whereas no such effect was found for the NaNO 3 treatment. Higher salinity decreased the total Zn (Zn T ) and free Zn 2+ concentrations in the soil solution and decreased Zn concentrations in the wheat shoots. With application of Zn fertilizer, shoot Cd concentrations decreased by 11 to 90%, whereas Zn concentration increased by 75 to 103%. Increasing salinity of irrigation water decreased shoot dry matter, especially if no ZnSO 4 was applied. Application of Zn had a positive effect on salt tolerance of plant and increased dry matter of shoot.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity raised several soil cadmium species, unlike NaNO3 treatment.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- Increasing salinitye0
- Outcome
- concentrations in the soil solutione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing salinity increased total Cd (Cd T ), Cd 2+ , CdCl + , CdHCO 3 + , and CdCl 2 0 concentrations in the soil solution, whereas no such effect was found for the NaNO 3 treatment.”
e1“in wheat shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher salinity lowered total and free zinc in soil solution.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Higher salinitye0
- Outcome
- concentrations in the soil solutione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher salinity decreased the total Zn (Zn T ) and free Zn 2+ concentrations in the soil solution”
e1“the wheat shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher salinity lowered zinc concentration in wheat shoots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Higher salinitye0
- Outcome
- Zn concentrations in the wheat shootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher salinity decreased the total Zn (Zn T ) and free Zn 2+ concentrations in the soil solution and decreased Zn concentrations in the wheat shoots.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilizer lowered shoot cadmium concentrations by 11 to 90%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- application of Zn fertilizere0
- Outcome
- shoot Cd concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 11 to 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With application of Zn fertilizer, shoot Cd concentrations decreased by 11 to 90%, whereas Zn concentration increased by 75 to 103%.”
e1“concentration in wheat shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilizer raised shoot zinc concentration by 75 to 103%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- application of Zn fertilizere0
- Outcome
- Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 75 to 103%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With application of Zn fertilizer, shoot Cd concentrations decreased by 11 to 90%, whereas Zn concentration increased by 75 to 103%.”
e1“concentration in wheat shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing irrigation water salinity lowered shoot dry matter, particularly without zinc sulfate.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Increasing salinity of irrigation watere0
- Outcome
- shoot dry mattere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- especially if no ZnSO 4 was appliede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing salinity of irrigation water decreased shoot dry matter, especially if no ZnSO 4 was applied.”
e1“in wheat shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc application increased shoot dry matter.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Application of Zne0
- Outcome
- dry matter of shoote0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Zn had a positive effect on salt tolerance of plant and increased dry matter of shoot.”
e1“in wheat shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc application improved salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Application of Zne0
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of Zn had a positive effect on salt tolerance of plant and increased dry matter of shoot.”
e1“in wheat shoots”
The same questions in other papers
zinc atom · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
154 papers in the same direction as this paper · 43 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
- no effect
196 papers more in this group
See all 200 papers →zinc atom · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
346 papers in the same direction as this paper · 33 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
376 papers more in this group
See all 380 papers →zinc atom · tolerance: abiotic · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →salinity · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
65 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
81 papers more in this group
See all 85 papers →irrigation · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
64 papers in the same direction as this paper · 177 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
238 papers more in this group
See all 242 papers →salinity · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
327 papers in the same direction as this paper · 49 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
373 papers more in this group
See all 377 papers →fertilization · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
853 papers in the same direction as this paper · 95 in the opposite direction · 10 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
955 papers more in this group
See all 959 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.