Abstract
Water stress is a frequent and critical limit to wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) production in the North China Plain.It has been shown that photosynthetic active radiation(PAR) has close relation to crop production,and water stress affects the biosynthetic procedure remarkably.However,its mechanism is still not clear.An experiment was conducted at Yucheng ecological station in Shandong Province to investigate the interception and conversion efficiencies of PAR in the canopy from heading to maturity stages,and water use efficiency(WUE) of winter wheat at different soil moisture levels.The relationship between soil moisture level and PAR vertical distribution in wheat canopy,and its influences on grain yield,PAR use efficiency and WUE were evaluated.Different supplemental irrigation amounts from 0 to 180 mm and timings from jointing to grain filling stages were designed to attain various soil moisture levels,which resulted in different wheat populations and canopy structures.These soil moisture levels showed substantial influences on PAR interception and distributions in canopy from heading to maturity stages,and subsequent PAR and water use efficiencies.No great difference(less than 15.7%) in PAR intercepted by the wheat canopies was found between these soil moisture treatments during this period.While great differences in PAR intercepted by the top layer of the canopy(6080 cm)(100.7%) and in PAR conversion efficiency(63.7%) were found between these treatments(Table 4 and Fig.4).This result was mainly caused by the changes in the vertical distributions of leaf area index(Fig.3) and in leaf photosynthesis capability caused by the different soil moisture levels.Maintaining about 50% PAR rate intercepted by the top canopy layer(6080 cm) from heading to grain filling stages is very important for obtaining high grain yield and PAR use efficiency for winter wheat.With soil moisture improving,the PAR use efficiency during the late growth stages and grain yield were increased,but WUE decreased prior to the grain yield and PAR use efficiency(Fig.5),which indicated that improving WUE was essential to increasing other natural resources use efficiency in wheat growing season in the North China Plain.In current conditions with well initial soil moisture,two supplemental irrigations with 60 mm at jointing and booting stages could obtain high grain yield and WUE,and additional supplemental irrigations would not increase grain yield greatly but decrease WUE of winter wheat.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
PAR intercepted by the wheat canopy showed no great difference between soil moisture treatments, less than 15.7%.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- soil moisture treatmentse1
- Outcome
- PAR intercepted by the wheat canopiese1
- Direction
- No great differencee1
- Value
- less than 15.7%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water use efficiency(WUE) of winter wheat at different soil moisture levels”
e1“No great difference(less than 15.7%) in PAR intercepted by the wheat canopies was found between these soil moisture treatments during this period”
Claim · model-written summary
PAR intercepted by the top canopy layer differed greatly between soil moisture treatments, by 100.7%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- soil moisture treatmentse1
- Outcome
- PAR intercepted by the top layer of the canopye2
- Direction
- great differencese2
- Value
- 100.7%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water use efficiency(WUE) of winter wheat at different soil moisture levels”
e1“No great difference(less than 15.7%) in PAR intercepted by the wheat canopies was found between these soil moisture treatments during this period”
e2“While great differences in PAR intercepted by the top layer of the canopy(6080 cm)(100.7%) and in PAR conversion efficiency(63.7%) were found between these treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
PAR conversion efficiency differed greatly between soil moisture treatments, by 63.7%.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- soil moisture treatmentse1
- Outcome
- PAR conversion efficiencye2
- Direction
- great differencese2
- Value
- 63.7%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water use efficiency(WUE) of winter wheat at different soil moisture levels”
e1“No great difference(less than 15.7%) in PAR intercepted by the wheat canopies was found between these soil moisture treatments during this period”
e2“While great differences in PAR intercepted by the top layer of the canopy(6080 cm)(100.7%) and in PAR conversion efficiency(63.7%) were found between these treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Keeping about 50% of PAR intercepted by the top canopy layer from heading to grain filling is important for high grain yield and PAR use efficiency in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- about 50% PAR rate intercepted by the top canopy layer(6080 cm)e0
- Outcome
- high grain yield and PAR use efficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maintaining about 50% PAR rate intercepted by the top canopy layer(6080 cm) from heading to grain filling stages is very important for obtaining high grain yield and PAR use efficiency for winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
PAR use efficiency during the late growth stages increased with improving soil moisture in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- soil moisture improvinge1
- Outcome
- PAR use efficiency during the late growth stagese1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water use efficiency(WUE) of winter wheat at different soil moisture levels”
e1“With soil moisture improving,the PAR use efficiency during the late growth stages and grain yield were increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield of winter wheat increased with improving soil moisture.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- soil moisture improvinge1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water use efficiency(WUE) of winter wheat at different soil moisture levels”
e1“With soil moisture improving,the PAR use efficiency during the late growth stages and grain yield were increased”
Claim · model-written summary
WUE of winter wheat decreased as soil moisture improved.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- soil moisture improvinge1
- Outcome
- WUEe2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water use efficiency(WUE) of winter wheat at different soil moisture levels”
e1“With soil moisture improving,the PAR use efficiency during the late growth stages and grain yield were increased”
e2“but WUE decreased prior to the grain yield and PAR use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Improving WUE is essential to increasing other natural resource use efficiency in the North China Plain wheat season.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- improving WUEe1
- Outcome
- other natural resources use efficiencye1
- Direction
- increasinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water use efficiency(WUE) of winter wheat at different soil moisture levels”
e1“improving WUE was essential to increasing other natural resources use efficiency in wheat growing season in the North China Plain”
Claim · model-written summary
Two supplemental irrigations of 60 mm at jointing and booting could obtain high grain yield and WUE in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- two supplemental irrigations with 60 mm at jointing and booting stagese1
- Outcome
- high grain yield and WUEe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water use efficiency(WUE) of winter wheat at different soil moisture levels”
e1“two supplemental irrigations with 60 mm at jointing and booting stages could obtain high grain yield and WUE”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional supplemental irrigations would not increase grain yield greatly in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- additional supplemental irrigationse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- would not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“additional supplemental irrigations would not increase grain yield greatly but decrease WUE of winter wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional supplemental irrigations decreased WUE of winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- additional supplemental irrigationse0
- Outcome
- WUEe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“additional supplemental irrigations would not increase grain yield greatly but decrease WUE of winter wheat”
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