Abstract
In this present investigation, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate and post-anthesis soil water content (SWC) on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of wheat was tested under proof-rainfall pool culture condition. The results showed that soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) value, photosynthesis rate, PSⅡ potential activity (Fv/Fo) and PSⅡ photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) were increased with the increase in nitrogen fertilizer rate under the same SWC. Moreover, increased nitrogen fertilization benefited the increase of spike numbers per hectare. However, over high (300kg/hm2) or over shortage (150kg/hm2) nitrogen fertilization was unfavorable to the increase of kernel number per spike and 1000-grain weight (TGW), and in turn it could lead to yield decrease. Under the same nitrogen fertilizer rate with SWC (60%-70%) after anthesis, SPAD value, photosynthesis rate, Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm showed the highest, whereas the treatment of SWC (40%-50%) was the lowest and the treatment of SWC (80%-90%) was in the middle, meanwhile, over high SWC (80%-90%) or over low SWC (40%-50%) after anthesis could cause the decrease of kernel number per spike, TGW and final yield under the same nitrogen fertilizer rate. It can be concluded that both high and low SWCs after anthesis can cause a decline in photosynthetic characteristics in wheat flag leaves, whereas proper nitrogen fertilization can improve photosynthetic characteristics in flag leaves, increase kernel weight and promote yield in wheat.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen fertilizer rate increased SPAD at fixed soil water content.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- increase in nitrogen fertilizer ratee0
- Outcome
- SPADe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under the same SWCe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) value, photosynthesis rate, PSⅡ potential activity (Fv/Fo) and PSⅡ photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) were increased with the increase in nitrogen fertilizer rate under the same SWC.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen fertilizer rate increased photosynthesis rate at fixed soil water content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increase in nitrogen fertilizer ratee0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under the same SWCe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) value, photosynthesis rate, PSⅡ potential activity (Fv/Fo) and PSⅡ photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) were increased with the increase in nitrogen fertilizer rate under the same SWC.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen fertilizer rate increased Fv/Fo at fixed soil water content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increase in nitrogen fertilizer ratee0
- Outcome
- Fv/Foe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under the same SWCe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) value, photosynthesis rate, PSⅡ potential activity (Fv/Fo) and PSⅡ photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) were increased with the increase in nitrogen fertilizer rate under the same SWC.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen fertilizer rate increased Fv/Fm at fixed soil water content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increase in nitrogen fertilizer ratee0
- Outcome
- Fv/Fme0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under the same SWCe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) value, photosynthesis rate, PSⅡ potential activity (Fv/Fo) and PSⅡ photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) were increased with the increase in nitrogen fertilizer rate under the same SWC.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen fertilization increased spikes per hectare.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increased nitrogen fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- spike numbers per hectaree0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased nitrogen fertilization benefited the increase of spike numbers per hectare.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
over high (300kg/hm2) was unfavorable to kernel number per spike.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- over high (300kg/hm2)e0
- Outcome
- kernel number per spikee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“over high (300kg/hm2) or over shortage (150kg/hm2) nitrogen fertilization was unfavorable to the increase of kernel number per spike and 1000-grain weight (TGW), and in turn it could lead to yield decrease.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
over high (300kg/hm2) was unfavorable to 1000-grain weight (TGW).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- over high (300kg/hm2)e0
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weight (TGW)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“over high (300kg/hm2) or over shortage (150kg/hm2) nitrogen fertilization was unfavorable to the increase of kernel number per spike and 1000-grain weight (TGW), and in turn it could lead to yield decrease.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
over high (300kg/hm2) was unfavorable to yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- over high (300kg/hm2)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“over high (300kg/hm2) or over shortage (150kg/hm2) nitrogen fertilization was unfavorable to the increase of kernel number per spike and 1000-grain weight (TGW), and in turn it could lead to yield decrease.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
over shortage (150kg/hm2) nitrogen fertilization was unfavorable to kernel number per spike.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- over shortage (150kg/hm2) nitrogen fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- kernel number per spikee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“over high (300kg/hm2) or over shortage (150kg/hm2) nitrogen fertilization was unfavorable to the increase of kernel number per spike and 1000-grain weight (TGW), and in turn it could lead to yield decrease.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
over shortage (150kg/hm2) nitrogen fertilization was unfavorable to 1000-grain weight (TGW).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- over shortage (150kg/hm2) nitrogen fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weight (TGW)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“over high (300kg/hm2) or over shortage (150kg/hm2) nitrogen fertilization was unfavorable to the increase of kernel number per spike and 1000-grain weight (TGW), and in turn it could lead to yield decrease.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
over shortage (150kg/hm2) nitrogen fertilization was unfavorable to yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- over shortage (150kg/hm2) nitrogen fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“over high (300kg/hm2) or over shortage (150kg/hm2) nitrogen fertilization was unfavorable to the increase of kernel number per spike and 1000-grain weight (TGW), and in turn it could lead to yield decrease.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60%-70% soil water content after anthesis, SPAD value was highest.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SWC (60%-70%) after anthesise0
- Outcome
- SPAD valuee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- SWC (40%-50%)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the same nitrogen fertilizer rate with SWC (60%-70%) after anthesis, SPAD value, photosynthesis rate, Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm showed the highest, whereas the treatment of SWC (40%-50%) was the lowest and the treatment of SWC (80%-90%) was in the middle”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60%-70% soil water content after anthesis, photosynthesis rate was highest.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SWC (60%-70%) after anthesise0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis ratee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- SWC (40%-50%)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the same nitrogen fertilizer rate with SWC (60%-70%) after anthesis, SPAD value, photosynthesis rate, Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm showed the highest, whereas the treatment of SWC (40%-50%) was the lowest and the treatment of SWC (80%-90%) was in the middle”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60%-70% soil water content after anthesis, Fv/Fo was highest.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SWC (60%-70%) after anthesise0
- Outcome
- Fv/Foe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- SWC (40%-50%)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the same nitrogen fertilizer rate with SWC (60%-70%) after anthesis, SPAD value, photosynthesis rate, Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm showed the highest, whereas the treatment of SWC (40%-50%) was the lowest and the treatment of SWC (80%-90%) was in the middle”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60%-70% soil water content after anthesis, Fv/Fm was highest.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- SWC (60%-70%) after anthesise0
- Outcome
- Fv/Fme0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- SWC (40%-50%)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under the same nitrogen fertilizer rate with SWC (60%-70%) after anthesis, SPAD value, photosynthesis rate, Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm showed the highest, whereas the treatment of SWC (40%-50%) was the lowest and the treatment of SWC (80%-90%) was in the middle”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
over high SWC (80%-90%) decreased kernel number, TGW and yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- over high SWC (80%-90%)e0
- Outcome
- kernel number per spike, TGW and final yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“over high SWC (80%-90%) or over low SWC (40%-50%) after anthesis could cause the decrease of kernel number per spike, TGW and final yield under the same nitrogen fertilizer rate.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
over low SWC (40%-50%) decreased kernel number, TGW and yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- over low SWC (40%-50%)e0
- Outcome
- kernel number per spike, TGW and final yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“over high SWC (80%-90%) or over low SWC (40%-50%) after anthesis could cause the decrease of kernel number per spike, TGW and final yield under the same nitrogen fertilizer rate.”
t0“wheat”
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