Abstract
To understand the effects of amino acid fertilizers spraying on some physiological traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under salinity stress, an experiment were conducted in a factorial arrangement based completely randomized design with three replicates. The activity of six amino acid fertilizers, including: Kadostim, Phosphotrn, Aminolephorte, Hyomiphorte and fish emulsion along with a control was analyzed at three salinity levels (0, 40, 80 mM NaCl). The seedlings of wheat was evaluated after a 14 days treatment, then, catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were subjected as antioxidant enzymes and the adaptability of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b, a+b and carotenoids) were determined. According to the results, the effect between salinity levels and amino acid fertilizers were no significant for neither photosynthetic nor antioxidant enzymes, although photosynthetic pigments decreased due to salt stress. The maximum values of chlorophyll a, b, and a+b (2.258, 1.962 and 4.272 mg/gr respectively) were obtained by the interaction between fish emulsion fertilizer and 0 mM NaCl. The results showed that total carotenoids reached the highest value (2.747 mg/gr) after spraying of Kadotism fertilizer in control plants. Furthermore amino acid treatments significantly increased pigments content of seedlings under both normal and salinity conditions. The results indicated that the activity of CAT and POD were not significantly changed in leaves, when they were subjected to salt stress. The maximum activity of CAT was recorded in Hyomiphorte fertilizer at 80 mM NaCl. Since CAT activity increased by amino acid application in this cultivar, it had more efficient role compared with POD because POD's activity had no clear trend neither by fertilizers application nor salinity levels. These results clearly indicated that amino acid can reduce the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improves wheat seedling resistant under salt stress conditions.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
The salinity-by-fertilizer interaction was not significant for pigments and antioxidant enzymes.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- salinity levels and amino acid fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic nor antioxidant enzymese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect between salinity levels and amino acid fertilizers were no significant for neither photosynthetic nor antioxidant enzymes”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased photosynthetic pigments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosynthetic pigments decreased due to salt stress”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fish emulsion at zero salinity gave maximum chlorophyll a of 2.258 mg/gr.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fish emulsion fertilizer and 0 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ae0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 2.258e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum values of chlorophyll a, b, and a+b (2.258, 1.962 and 4.272 mg/gr respectively) were obtained by the interaction between fish emulsion fertilizer and 0 mM NaCl”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fish emulsion at zero salinity gave maximum chlorophyll b of 1.962 mg/gr.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fish emulsion fertilizer and 0 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a, be0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1.962e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum values of chlorophyll a, b, and a+b (2.258, 1.962 and 4.272 mg/gr respectively) were obtained by the interaction between fish emulsion fertilizer and 0 mM NaCl”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fish emulsion at zero salinity gave maximum combined chlorophyll of 4.272 mg/gr.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- fish emulsion fertilizer and 0 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- a+be0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 4.272 mg/gre0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum values of chlorophyll a, b, and a+b (2.258, 1.962 and 4.272 mg/gr respectively) were obtained by the interaction between fish emulsion fertilizer and 0 mM NaCl”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Kadotism spray gave maximum carotenoids of 2.747 mg/gr in controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Kadotism fertilizere0
- Outcome
- total carotenoidse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2.747 mg/gre0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total carotenoids reached the highest value (2.747 mg/gr) after spraying of Kadotism fertilizer in control plants”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Amino acid treatments significantly increased seedling pigment content under normal and saline conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- amino acid treatmentse0
- Outcome
- pigments content of seedlingse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“amino acid treatments significantly increased pigments content of seedlings under both normal and salinity conditions”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf CAT and POD activity did not change significantly under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- activity of CAT and PODe0
- Direction
- not significantly changede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activity of CAT and POD were not significantly changed in leaves, when they were subjected to salt stress”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hyomiphorte at 80 mM NaCl produced maximum CAT activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Hyomiphorte fertilizer at 80 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- activity of CATe0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum activity of CAT was recorded in Hyomiphorte fertilizer at 80 mM NaCl”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Amino acid application increased CAT activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- amino acid applicatione0
- Outcome
- CAT activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CAT activity increased by amino acid application”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
POD activity showed no clear trend with fertilizer or salinity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- POD's activitye0
- Direction
- no clear trende0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“POD's activity had no clear trend neither by fertilizers application nor salinity levels”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude amino acids reduce ROS harm and improve wheat seedling resistance under salt stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- amino acide0
- Outcome
- wheat seedling resistante0
- Qualifier
- reactive oxygen species (ROS)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“amino acid can reduce the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improves wheat seedling resistant under salt stress conditions”
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