Abstract
Over 3 years, five crops of winter wheat with different fertilization or pesticide treatments were grown in replicated plots in which straw, cattle manure or nothing was incorporated into the soil. It was previously shown that severities of several foliar diseases were reduced by the treatment with straw. Treatments with straw slightly increased leaf microbial numbers at growth stage (GS) 10, and significantly but slightly decreased numbers at GS 60 and 70, when averaged over all crops. There was no evidence of differences in potential for biological control between plots, because no differences were demonstrated between treatments in the proportion of phylloplane residents able to produce chitinase, siderophores or antibiotics. There was no link between soil and leaf nitrogen and microbial populations or soil amendment. The two youngest leaves of straw‐treated plants remained green longer than leaves from untreated or manure‐treated plants. Microbial numbers differed between crops, but within crops were more stable on leaves and ears than in soil. Soil populations were larger before the crops were sown. Bacteria predominated over fungi in all habitats throughout the growing season. The ratio of Gram‐negative to Gram‐positive bacteria recovered was similar on leaves and in soil, but not on ears. Soil and leaf microbes utilized similar carbon sources. More leaf epiphytes than soil microbes produced siderophores. The majority of identified organisms belonged to only a few species. Chromogenic organisms were more abundant on aerial surfaces. A fungicide, chlorothalonil, was applied in one crop; it reduced the microbial population but did not alter its composition (without affecting the reduction in disease due to straw). It is postulated that straw acts in the field by altering plant physiology and thus altering both microbial colonization and disease.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Straw treatment slightly increased leaf microbial numbers at growth stage 10.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Treatment
- strawe1
- Outcome
- leaf microbial numberse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- at growth stage (GS) 10e1
- Comparator
- nothing was incorporated into the soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over 3 years, five crops of winter wheat with different fertilization or pesticide treatments were grown in replicated plots in which straw, cattle manure or nothing was incorporated into the soil”
e1“Treatments with straw slightly increased leaf microbial numbers at growth stage (GS) 10, and significantly but slightly decreased numbers at GS 60 and 70, when averaged over all crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw treatment significantly but slightly decreased leaf microbial numbers at growth stages 60 and 70.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- strawe1
- Outcome
- leaf microbial numberse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Qualifier
- at GS 60 and 70e1
- Comparator
- nothing was incorporated into the soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over 3 years, five crops of winter wheat with different fertilization or pesticide treatments were grown in replicated plots in which straw, cattle manure or nothing was incorporated into the soil”
e1“Treatments with straw slightly increased leaf microbial numbers at growth stage (GS) 10, and significantly but slightly decreased numbers at GS 60 and 70, when averaged over all crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves of straw-treated plants remained green longer than leaves of untreated plants.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- two youngest leavese3
- Treatment
- strawe3
- Outcome
- remained greene3
- Direction
- longere3
- Comparator
- untreatede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over 3 years, five crops of winter wheat with different fertilization or pesticide treatments were grown in replicated plots in which straw, cattle manure or nothing was incorporated into the soil”
e3“The two youngest leaves of straw‐treated plants remained green longer than leaves from untreated or manure‐treated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw, manure and nothing treatments did not differ in the proportion of phylloplane residents producing chitinase, siderophores or antibiotics.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- straw, cattle manure or nothinge0
- Outcome
- proportion of phylloplane residents able to produce chitinase, siderophores or antibioticse4
- Direction
- no differencese4
- Comparator
- between treatmentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over 3 years, five crops of winter wheat with different fertilization or pesticide treatments were grown in replicated plots in which straw, cattle manure or nothing was incorporated into the soil”
e4“no differences were demonstrated between treatments in the proportion of phylloplane residents able to produce chitinase, siderophores or antibiotics”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil and leaf nitrogen were not linked to microbial populations or soil amendment.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Compound
- nitrogene5
- Outcome
- microbial populationse5
- Direction
- no linke5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over 3 years, five crops of winter wheat with different fertilization or pesticide treatments were grown in replicated plots in which straw, cattle manure or nothing was incorporated into the soil”
e5“There was no link between soil and leaf nitrogen and microbial populations or soil amendment”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial numbers were more stable within crops on leaves and ears than in soil.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and earse6
- Outcome
- Microbial numberse6
- Direction
- more stablee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over 3 years, five crops of winter wheat with different fertilization or pesticide treatments were grown in replicated plots in which straw, cattle manure or nothing was incorporated into the soil”
e6“Microbial numbers differed between crops, but within crops were more stable on leaves and ears than in soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacteria predominated over fungi in all habitats throughout the growing season.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Bacteria predominated over fungie7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over 3 years, five crops of winter wheat with different fertilization or pesticide treatments were grown in replicated plots in which straw, cattle manure or nothing was incorporated into the soil”
e7“Bacteria predominated over fungi in all habitats throughout the growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
More leaf epiphytes than soil microbes produced siderophores.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leaf epiphytese2
- Outcome
- produced siderophorese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over 3 years, five crops of winter wheat with different fertilization or pesticide treatments were grown in replicated plots in which straw, cattle manure or nothing was incorporated into the soil”
e2“More leaf epiphytes than soil microbes produced siderophores”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromogenic organisms were more abundant on aerial surfaces.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- aerial surfacese1
- Outcome
- Chromogenic organismse1
- Direction
- more abundante1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over 3 years, five crops of winter wheat with different fertilization or pesticide treatments were grown in replicated plots in which straw, cattle manure or nothing was incorporated into the soil”
e1“Chromogenic organisms were more abundant on aerial surfaces”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorothalonil reduced the microbial population on wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- chlorothalonile1
- Outcome
- microbial populatione1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over 3 years, five crops of winter wheat with different fertilization or pesticide treatments were grown in replicated plots in which straw, cattle manure or nothing was incorporated into the soil”
e1“A fungicide, chlorothalonil, was applied in one crop; it reduced the microbial population but did not alter its composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorothalonil did not alter the composition of the microbial population.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- chlorothalonile1
- Outcome
- compositione1
- Direction
- did not altere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over 3 years, five crops of winter wheat with different fertilization or pesticide treatments were grown in replicated plots in which straw, cattle manure or nothing was incorporated into the soil”
e1“A fungicide, chlorothalonil, was applied in one crop; it reduced the microbial population but did not alter its composition”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw is postulated to act by altering plant physiology and thereby microbial colonization and disease.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- strawe1
- Outcome
- microbial colonization and diseasee1
- Qualifier
- altering plant physiologye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Over 3 years, five crops of winter wheat with different fertilization or pesticide treatments were grown in replicated plots in which straw, cattle manure or nothing was incorporated into the soil”
e1“It is postulated that straw acts in the field by altering plant physiology and thus altering both microbial colonization and disease”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 32 in the opposite direction
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See all 34 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.