Abstract
This study investigated the effect that poultry, cattle, swine manures, and artificial fertilizer have on the yield and quality of lettuce (Lactucasativa L.). The ground water contamination potential of these fertilizers when applied to calcareous soil was also studied. Lettuce plants were cultivated in pots containing soil amended with either of the fertilizers together with a no-fertilizer control. The amount of fertilizer applied to soil was in line with that used by the lettuce growers in Malta. The experiment, including 20 replicates for each treatment, was set up in a greenhouse and the crop height, width, fresh and dry mass, root length, sap NO3 - and K + , and heavy metal content were monitored. The drain water from the pots was analysed periodically for NO3 - content and salinity. The best crop performance was obtained from poultry manure followed by swine manure, cattle manure and artificial fertilizer. Yield from the control soil was poor and also resulted in a crop containing the highest NO3 - concentration in the sap. No significant difference was found in sap NO3 - concentration in plants grown in soil amended with the fertilizers. The heavy metal content concentration in the plants was not significantly different except for Ni, Mn and Cu. The highest NO3 - leaching was shown in the soil amended with manure, especially with that from poultry. Crops grown on cattle manure showed the highest variation in crop mass and also the lowest yield-to-ground water NO3 - contamination potential ratio.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure gave the best lettuce crop performance.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae1 - Treatment
- poultry manuree0
- Outcome
- crop performancee0
- Direction
- beste0
- Comparator
- swine manure, cattle manure and artificial fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The best crop performance was obtained from poultry manure followed by swine manure, cattle manure and artificial fertilizer.”
e1“lettuce (Lactucasativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Unfertilized control soil produced poor lettuce yield.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- control soile0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- poore0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield from the control soil was poor and also resulted in a crop containing the highest NO3 - concentration in the sap.”
e1“lettuce (Lactucasativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lettuce grown in control soil had the highest sap nitrate concentration.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- control soile0
- Outcome
- NO3 - concentration in the sape0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield from the control soil was poor and also resulted in a crop containing the highest NO3 - concentration in the sap.”
e1“lettuce (Lactucasativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sap nitrate concentration did not differ significantly among fertilized lettuce plants.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- soil amended with the fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- sap NO3 - concentratione0
- Direction
- No significant differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant difference was found in sap NO3 - concentration in plants grown in soil amended with the fertilizers.”
e1“lettuce (Lactucasativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant heavy metal concentrations were generally not significantly different, except for Ni, Mn and Cu.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Outcome
- heavy metal content concentratione0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Qualifier
- except for Ni, Mn and Cue0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The heavy metal content concentration in the plants was not significantly different except for Ni, Mn and Cu.”
e1“lettuce (Lactucasativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure amended soil had the highest nitrate leaching, especially poultry manure.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- manuree0
- Outcome
- NO3 - leachinge0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- especially with that from poultrye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest NO3 - leaching was shown in the soil amended with manure, especially with that from poultry.”
e1“lettuce (Lactucasativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cattle manure produced the highest variation in lettuce crop mass.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- cattle manuree0
- Outcome
- variation in crop masse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crops grown on cattle manure showed the highest variation in crop mass and also the lowest yield-to-ground water NO3 - contamination potential ratio.”
e1“lettuce (Lactucasativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cattle manure gave the lowest yield to groundwater nitrate contamination potential ratio.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- cattle manuree0
- Outcome
- yield-to-ground water NO3 - contamination potential ratioe0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crops grown on cattle manure showed the highest variation in crop mass and also the lowest yield-to-ground water NO3 - contamination potential ratio.”
e1“lettuce (Lactucasativa L.)”
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See all 249 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.