Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of Azospirillum brasilense and Bradyrhizobium sp. co-inoculation coupled with N application on soil N levels and N in plants (total N, nitrate N-NO3− and ammonium N-NH4+), photosynthetic pigments, cowpea plant biomass and grain yield. An isotopic technique was employed to evaluate 15N fertilizer recovery and derivation. Field trials involved two inoculations—(i) single Bradyrhizobium sp. and (ii) Bradyrhizobium sp. + A. brasilense co-inoculation—and four N fertilizer rates (0, 20, 40 and 80 kg ha−1). The co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium sp. + A. brasilense increased cowpea N uptake (an increase from 10 to 14%) and grain yield (an average increase of 8%) compared to the standard inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. specifically derived from soil and other sources without affecting 15N fertilizer recovery. There is no need for the supplementation of N via mineral fertilizers when A. brasilense co-inoculation is performed in a cowpea crop. However, even in the case of an NPK basal fertilization, applied N rates should remain below 20 kg N ha−1 when co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. and A. brasilense is performed.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation increased cowpea nitrogen uptake by 10 to 14% relative to Bradyrhizobium alone.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Treatment
- co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium sp. + A. brasilensee0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium sp.
Bradyrhizobiume0symbiont - Second interactor
- A. brasilense
Azospirillum brasilensee0symbiont - Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10 to 14%e0
- Comparator
- standard inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium sp. + A. brasilense increased cowpea N uptake (an increase from 10 to 14%) and grain yield (an average increase of 8%) compared to the standard inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. specifically derived from soil and other sources without affecting 15N fertilizer recovery.”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation increased cowpea grain yield by an average of 8% relative to Bradyrhizobium alone.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium sp. + A. brasilensee0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium sp.Bradyrhizobiume0symbiont
- Second interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8%e0
- Comparator
- standard inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium sp. + A. brasilense increased cowpea N uptake (an increase from 10 to 14%) and grain yield (an average increase of 8%) compared to the standard inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. specifically derived from soil and other sources without affecting 15N fertilizer recovery.”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation did not affect cowpea 15N fertilizer recovery.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium sp. + A. brasilensee0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium sp.Bradyrhizobiume0symbiont
- Second interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Outcome
- 15N fertilizer recoverye0
- Direction
- without affectinge0
- Comparator
- standard inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium sp. + A. brasilense increased cowpea N uptake (an increase from 10 to 14%) and grain yield (an average increase of 8%) compared to the standard inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. specifically derived from soil and other sources without affecting 15N fertilizer recovery.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude mineral nitrogen supplementation is unnecessary when A. brasilense is co-inoculated in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Outcome
- no need for the supplementation of N via mineral fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There is no need for the supplementation of N via mineral fertilizers when A. brasilense co-inoculation is performed in a cowpea crop.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend applied N rates below 20 kg N ha−1 with co-inoculation, even with NPK basal fertilization.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium sp.Bradyrhizobiume0symbiont
- Second interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Outcome
- applied N rates should remain below 20 kg N ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- even in the case of an NPK basal fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“even in the case of an NPK basal fertilization, applied N rates should remain below 20 kg N ha−1 when co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium sp. and A. brasilense is performed.”
t0“Field-Grown Cowpea”
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See all 43 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.