Abstract
Silicon (Si) is considered a beneficial element for rice (Oryza sativa L.) The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of Si in the form of nanoparticles on growth and physiology of rice under salt stress. Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesized from rice husk by sol-gel method. The prepared SNPs powders were agglomerated in semi-spherical nanosized particles with diameters in the range of 60-135 nm. Three rice cultivars namely 'Pokkali', 'KDML105' and 'IR29' were grown for 30 d in plastic pots, and then divided into four groups i.e., control, SNPs, NaCl and NaCl + SNPs. Foliar spray of 120 mg L -1 SNPs was given to the SNPs and NaCl + SNPs groups for 4 d. After that the plants in NaCl and NaCl + SNPs groups were exposed to 150 mM NaCl for 17 d. The salt-stressed plants suffered significant reductions in biomass, net photosynthesis rate (PN), and maximal quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry (Fv/Fm) while three stress indicators (malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide [H2O2] and proline) considerably increased. The SNPs mitigated the adverse effects of salt stress by increasing PN (18% to 116% increase) and lowering H2O2 (8% to 31% reduction) in all cultivars, compared with the values under salt stress, while proline was reduced by 7% in 'KDML105' and 19% in 'IR29'. The H2O2 content was regulated by the increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, notably catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase. The application method and concentrations of SNPs used for rice plants under stress should be further optimized for the highest benefit of growth and yield in the field conditions.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced biomass, net photosynthesis rate and Fv/Fm in rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat1 - Treatment
- 150 mM NaCle2
- Outcome
- biomass, net photosynthesis rate (PN), and maximal quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry (Fv/Fm)e1
- Direction
- reductionse1
- Comparator
- controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“physiology of rice under salt stress”
e1“The salt-stressed plants suffered significant reductions in biomass, net photosynthesis rate (PN), and maximal quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry (Fv/Fm) while three stress indicators (malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide [H2O2] and proline) considerably increased”
e2“After that the plants in NaCl and NaCl + SNPs groups were exposed to 150 mM NaCl for 17 d”
e5“Three rice cultivars namely 'Pokkali', 'KDML105' and 'IR29' were grown for 30 d in plastic pots, and then divided into four groups i.e., control, SNPs, NaCl and NaCl + SNPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress considerably increased malondialdehyde, H2O2 and proline in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat1
- Treatment
- 150 mM NaCle2
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide [H2O2] and prolinee1
- Direction
- considerably increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“physiology of rice under salt stress”
e1“The salt-stressed plants suffered significant reductions in biomass, net photosynthesis rate (PN), and maximal quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry (Fv/Fm) while three stress indicators (malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide [H2O2] and proline) considerably increased”
e2“After that the plants in NaCl and NaCl + SNPs groups were exposed to 150 mM NaCl for 17 d”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar SNPs increased net photosynthesis rate (PN) by 18% to 116% in all cultivars under salt stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat1
- Material
- all cultivarse3
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of 120 mg L -1 SNPse6
- Outcome
- PNe3
- Direction
- increasinge3
- Value
- 18% to 116%e3
- Comparator
- values under salt stresse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“physiology of rice under salt stress”
e3“The SNPs mitigated the adverse effects of salt stress by increasing PN (18% to 116% increase) and lowering H2O2 (8% to 31% reduction) in all cultivars, compared with the values under salt stress, while proline was reduced by 7% in 'KDML105' and 19% in 'IR29'”
e6“Foliar spray of 120 mg L -1 SNPs was given to the SNPs and NaCl + SNPs groups for 4 d”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar SNPs lowered H2O2 by 8% to 31% in all cultivars under salt stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat1
- Material
- all cultivarse3
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of 120 mg L -1 SNPse6
- Outcome
- H2O2e3
- Direction
- loweringe3
- Value
- 8% to 31%e3
- Comparator
- values under salt stresse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“physiology of rice under salt stress”
e3“The SNPs mitigated the adverse effects of salt stress by increasing PN (18% to 116% increase) and lowering H2O2 (8% to 31% reduction) in all cultivars, compared with the values under salt stress, while proline was reduced by 7% in 'KDML105' and 19% in 'IR29'”
e6“Foliar spray of 120 mg L -1 SNPs was given to the SNPs and NaCl + SNPs groups for 4 d”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar SNPs reduced proline by 7% in cultivar KDML105 under salt stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat1
- Material
- KDML105e3
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of 120 mg L -1 SNPse6
- Outcome
- prolinee3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 7%e3
- Comparator
- values under salt stresse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“physiology of rice under salt stress”
e3“The SNPs mitigated the adverse effects of salt stress by increasing PN (18% to 116% increase) and lowering H2O2 (8% to 31% reduction) in all cultivars, compared with the values under salt stress, while proline was reduced by 7% in 'KDML105' and 19% in 'IR29'”
e6“Foliar spray of 120 mg L -1 SNPs was given to the SNPs and NaCl + SNPs groups for 4 d”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar SNPs reduced proline by 19% in cultivar IR29 under salt stress.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat1
- Material
- IR29e3
- Treatment
- Foliar spray of 120 mg L -1 SNPse6
- Outcome
- prolinee3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 19%e3
- Comparator
- values under salt stresse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“physiology of rice under salt stress”
e3“The SNPs mitigated the adverse effects of salt stress by increasing PN (18% to 116% increase) and lowering H2O2 (8% to 31% reduction) in all cultivars, compared with the values under salt stress, while proline was reduced by 7% in 'KDML105' and 19% in 'IR29'”
e6“Foliar spray of 120 mg L -1 SNPs was given to the SNPs and NaCl + SNPs groups for 4 d”
Claim · model-written summary
H2O2 content was regulated by increased activities of catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat1
- Gene
- catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidasee4
- Outcome
- H2O2 contente4
- Qualifier
- increased activities of antioxidant enzymese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t1“physiology of rice under salt stress”
e4“The H2O2 content was regulated by the increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, notably catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase”
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