Abstract
Argon oxygen decarbonization (AOD) slag refers to a byproduct of stainless steel (SS) production, which has caused considerable environmental stress. Finding an effective approach for recycling AOD slag is essential to environmental safety. In this work, batch leaching tests were carried out to explore the leaching behavior of AOD slag and soil. Pot experiments was conducted to analyze the fertilization effect of AOD slag for tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) planting. The plant height, biomass, total root length (TRL), root surface area (RSA), root tips (RT), root hairs (RH)), chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and antioxidant enzyme activities of the tall fescue seedlings were measured. As indicated from the results, adding AOD slag into soil increased soil pH. The leaching concentration of Ca, Si, Al, Cr of the AOD slag was higher than the original soil, while that of Mg, Mn, and Fe was lower. Low addition rate (≤1%) of AOD slag fertilization was good for plant height, biomass, root growth, and chlorophyll synthesis, whereas high addition rate (≥2%) exerted an opposite effect. Elevating the rate of AOD slag fertilization increased the Cr accumulation in the tall fescue seedling that aggravated damage of reactive oxygen species (ROS). When the AOD slag fertilization was at a low rate (≤1%), ROS scavenging was attributed to the synergistic effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) defense systems, while at a high rate (≥2%) of AOD slag fertilization, scavenging of excessive ROS could be mainly due to the CAT defense system.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Adding AOD slag into soil increased soil pH.
- Taxon
- Festuca arundinacea
Lolium arundinaceumt0 - Treatment
- adding AOD slag into soile0
- Outcome
- soil pHe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e0“adding AOD slag into soil increased soil pH”
Claim · model-written summary
The leaching concentration of Ca, Si and Al from AOD slag was higher than from the original soil.
- Taxon
- Festuca arundinaceaLolium arundinaceumt0
- Outcome
- leaching concentration of Ca, Si, Ale1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- original soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e1“The leaching concentration of Ca, Si, Al, Cr of the AOD slag was higher than the original soil, while that of Mg, Mn, and Fe was lower”
Claim · model-written summary
The leaching concentration of Cr from AOD slag was higher than from the original soil.
- Taxon
- Festuca arundinaceaLolium arundinaceumt0
- Compound
- Cre1
- Outcome
- leaching concentratione1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- original soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e1“The leaching concentration of Ca, Si, Al, Cr of the AOD slag was higher than the original soil, while that of Mg, Mn, and Fe was lower”
Claim · model-written summary
The leaching concentration of Mg, Mn and Fe from AOD slag was lower than from the original soil.
- Taxon
- Festuca arundinaceaLolium arundinaceumt0
- Compound
- Mg, Mn, and Fee1
- Outcome
- leaching concentratione1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- original soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e1“The leaching concentration of Ca, Si, Al, Cr of the AOD slag was higher than the original soil, while that of Mg, Mn, and Fe was lower”
Claim · model-written summary
Low AOD slag addition (≤1%) was good for plant height, biomass and root growth.
- Taxon
- Festuca arundinaceaLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Low addition rate (≤1%) of AOD slag fertilizatione2
- Outcome
- plant height, biomass, root growthe2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Comparator
- high addition rate (≥2%)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e2“Low addition rate (≤1%) of AOD slag fertilization was good for plant height, biomass, root growth, and chlorophyll synthesis, whereas high addition rate (≥2%) exerted an opposite effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Low AOD slag addition (≤1%) was good for chlorophyll synthesis.
- Taxon
- Festuca arundinaceaLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Low addition rate (≤1%) of AOD slag fertilizatione2
- Outcome
- chlorophyll synthesise2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Comparator
- high addition rate (≥2%)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e2“Low addition rate (≤1%) of AOD slag fertilization was good for plant height, biomass, root growth, and chlorophyll synthesis, whereas high addition rate (≥2%) exerted an opposite effect”
Claim · model-written summary
High AOD slag addition (≥2%) had an opposite effect on plant height, biomass and root growth.
- Taxon
- Festuca arundinaceaLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- high addition rate (≥2%)e2
- Outcome
- plant height, biomass, root growthe2
- Direction
- opposite effecte2
- Comparator
- low addition rate (≤1%)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e2“Low addition rate (≤1%) of AOD slag fertilization was good for plant height, biomass, root growth, and chlorophyll synthesis, whereas high addition rate (≥2%) exerted an opposite effect”
Claim · model-written summary
High AOD slag addition (≥2%) had an opposite effect on chlorophyll synthesis.
- Taxon
- Festuca arundinaceaLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- high addition rate (≥2%)e2
- Outcome
- chlorophyll synthesise2
- Direction
- opposite effecte2
- Comparator
- low addition rate (≤1%)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e2“Low addition rate (≤1%) of AOD slag fertilization was good for plant height, biomass, root growth, and chlorophyll synthesis, whereas high addition rate (≥2%) exerted an opposite effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevating the AOD slag fertilization rate increased Cr accumulation in tall fescue seedlings.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume3
- Treatment
- Elevating the rate of AOD slag fertilizatione3
- Outcome
- Cr accumulatione3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e3“Elevating the rate of AOD slag fertilization increased the Cr accumulation in the tall fescue seedling that aggravated damage of reactive oxygen species (ROS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cr accumulation aggravated reactive oxygen species damage in tall fescue.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume3
- Outcome
- damage of reactive oxygen species (ROS)e3
- Qualifier
- Cr accumulatione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Elevating the rate of AOD slag fertilization increased the Cr accumulation in the tall fescue seedling that aggravated damage of reactive oxygen species (ROS)”
Claim · model-written summary
At a low rate (≤1%), ROS scavenging was attributed to synergistic SOD, POD and CAT defence systems.
- Taxon
- Festuca arundinaceaLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- a low rate (≤1%)e4
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)e4
- Outcome
- ROS scavenginge4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e4“When the AOD slag fertilization was at a low rate (≤1%), ROS scavenging was attributed to the synergistic effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) defense systems”
Claim · model-written summary
At a high rate (≥2%), scavenging of excessive ROS was mainly due to the CAT defence system.
- Taxon
- Festuca arundinaceaLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- high rate (≥2%)e5
- Gene
- CATe5
- Outcome
- scavenging of excessive ROSe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e5“while at a high rate (≥2%) of AOD slag fertilization, scavenging of excessive ROS could be mainly due to the CAT defense system”
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