Abstract
Because of global warming, desertification is increasing. One of the best strategies for combating desertification is reforestation of forests and biological operations of vegetation. However, events like soil salinity and dust storms, as the most important manifestations of desertification, prevent vegetation from settling in these areas. In this study, the effects of two halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial strains, Bacillus pumilus HR and Zhihengliuella halotolerans SB, on physiological and nutritional status of the desert halophyte Haloxylon aphyllum under the stress of salinity (0, 300, and 600 mM NaCl) and dust (0 and 1.5 g m −2 month −1 ) were examined. Under dust application, the Z. halotolerans SB strain compared to the B. pumilus HR strain and the combination of these two bacterial strains improved the content of total chlorophyll (247 and 316%), carotenoid (94 and 107%), phosphorus (113 and 209%), magnesium (196 and 212%), and total dry biomass (13 and 28%) in H. aphyllum at salinity levels of 300 and 600 mM NaCl, respectively. Under conditions of combined application of dust and salinity, B. pumilus HR compared to Z. halotolerans SB and the combination of two strains at salinity levels of 300 and 600 mM NaCl, respectively, had better performance in increasing the content of iron (53 and 69%), calcium (38 and 161%), and seedling quality index (95 and 56%) in H. aphyllum . The results also showed that both bacterial strains and their combination were able to reduce the content of ascorbic acid, flavonoid, total phenol, proline, and malondialdehyde, and catalase activity, and ultimately improve the antioxidant capacity of H. aphyllum . This showed that the use of halotolerant rhizobacteria can stop the production of free radicals and thus prevent cell membrane damage and the formation of malondialdehyde under salinity and dust stress. The results of this study for the first time showed that halotolerant rhizobacteria can increase the seedling quality index of H. aphyllum under combined conditions of salinity and dust. The use of these bacteria can be useful in the optimal afforestation of H. aphyllum species in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Zhihengliuella halotolerans SB increased total chlorophyll by 247 and 316% at 300 and 600 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- H. aphyllum
Haloxylon aphyllume1 - Treatment
- Z. halotolerans SB straine0
- Interactor
- Z. halotolerans SBZhihengliuella halotoleranse0symbiont
- Outcome
- content of total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 247 and 316%e0
- Comparator
- B. pumilus HR straine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Z. halotolerans SB strain compared to the B. pumilus HR strain and the combination of these two bacterial strains improved the content of total chlorophyll (247 and 316%)”
e1“H. aphyllum under combined conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Z. halotolerans SB improved carotenoid content by 94 and 107%.
- Taxon
- H. aphyllumHaloxylon aphyllume1
- Treatment
- Z. halotolerans SB straine0
- Interactor
- Z. halotolerans SBZhihengliuella halotoleranse0symbiont
- Outcome
- carotenoide0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 94 and 107%e0
- Comparator
- B. pumilus HR straine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Z. halotolerans SB strain compared to the B. pumilus HR strain and the combination of these two bacterial strains improved the content of total chlorophyll (247 and 316%), carotenoid (94 and 107%)”
e1“H. aphyllum under combined conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Z. halotolerans SB improved phosphorus content by 113 and 209%.
- Taxon
- H. aphyllumHaloxylon aphyllume1
- Treatment
- Z. halotolerans SB straine0
- Interactor
- Z. halotolerans SBZhihengliuella halotoleranse0symbiont
- Outcome
- phosphoruse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 113 and 209%e0
- Comparator
- B. pumilus HR straine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Z. halotolerans SB strain compared to the B. pumilus HR strain and the combination of these two bacterial strains improved the content of total chlorophyll (247 and 316%), carotenoid (94 and 107%), phosphorus (113 and 209%)”
e1“H. aphyllum under combined conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Z. halotolerans SB improved magnesium content by 196 and 212%.
- Taxon
- H. aphyllumHaloxylon aphyllume1
- Treatment
- Z. halotolerans SB straine0
- Interactor
- Z. halotolerans SBZhihengliuella halotoleranse0symbiont
- Outcome
- magnesiume0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 196 and 212%e0
- Comparator
- B. pumilus HR straine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Z. halotolerans SB strain compared to the B. pumilus HR strain and the combination of these two bacterial strains improved the content of total chlorophyll (247 and 316%), carotenoid (94 and 107%), phosphorus (113 and 209%), magnesium (196 and 212%)”
e1“H. aphyllum under combined conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Z. halotolerans SB improved dry biomass by 13 and 28%.
- Taxon
- H. aphyllumHaloxylon aphyllume1
- Treatment
- Z. halotolerans SB straine0
- Interactor
- Z. halotolerans SBZhihengliuella halotoleranse0symbiont
- Outcome
- total dry biomasse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 13 and 28%e0
- Comparator
- B. pumilus HR straine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Z. halotolerans SB strain compared to the B. pumilus HR strain and the combination of these two bacterial strains improved the content of total chlorophyll (247 and 316%), carotenoid (94 and 107%), phosphorus (113 and 209%), magnesium (196 and 212%), and total dry biomass (13 and 28%) in H. aphyllum”
e1“H. aphyllum under combined conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus pumilus HR increased iron content by 53 and 69%.
- Taxon
- H. aphyllumHaloxylon aphyllume1
- Treatment
- B. pumilus HRe0
- Interactor
- B. pumilus HRBacillus pumiluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- content of irone0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 53 and 69%e0
- Comparator
- Z. halotolerans SBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. pumilus HR compared to Z. halotolerans SB and the combination of two strains at salinity levels of 300 and 600 mM NaCl, respectively, had better performance in increasing the content of iron (53 and 69%)”
e1“H. aphyllum under combined conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
B. pumilus HR increased calcium content by 38 and 161%.
- Taxon
- H. aphyllumHaloxylon aphyllume1
- Treatment
- B. pumilus HRe0
- Interactor
- B. pumilus HRBacillus pumiluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- calciume0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 38 and 161%e0
- Comparator
- Z. halotolerans SBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. pumilus HR compared to Z. halotolerans SB and the combination of two strains at salinity levels of 300 and 600 mM NaCl, respectively, had better performance in increasing the content of iron (53 and 69%), calcium (38 and 161%)”
e1“H. aphyllum under combined conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
B. pumilus HR increased seedling quality index by 95 and 56%.
- Taxon
- H. aphyllumHaloxylon aphyllume1
- Treatment
- B. pumilus HRe0
- Interactor
- B. pumilus HRBacillus pumiluse0symbiont
- Outcome
- seedling quality indexe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 95 and 56%e0
- Comparator
- Z. halotolerans SBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. pumilus HR compared to Z. halotolerans SB and the combination of two strains at salinity levels of 300 and 600 mM NaCl, respectively, had better performance in increasing the content of iron (53 and 69%), calcium (38 and 161%), and seedling quality index (95 and 56%) in H. aphyllum”
e1“H. aphyllum under combined conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The bacterial treatments reduced ascorbic acid, flavonoid and total phenol contents.
- Taxon
- H. aphyllumHaloxylon aphyllume1
- Treatment
- both bacterial strains and their combinatione0
- Outcome
- content of ascorbic acid, flavonoid, total phenole0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both bacterial strains and their combination were able to reduce the content of ascorbic acid, flavonoid, total phenol, proline, and malondialdehyde, and catalase activity”
e1“H. aphyllum under combined conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The bacterial treatments reduced proline and malondialdehyde contents.
- Taxon
- H. aphyllumHaloxylon aphyllume1
- Treatment
- both bacterial strains and their combinatione0
- Outcome
- proline, and malondialdehydee0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both bacterial strains and their combination were able to reduce the content of ascorbic acid, flavonoid, total phenol, proline, and malondialdehyde, and catalase activity”
e1“H. aphyllum under combined conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The bacterial treatments reduced catalase activity.
- Taxon
- H. aphyllumHaloxylon aphyllume1
- Treatment
- both bacterial strains and their combinatione0
- Outcome
- catalase activitye0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both bacterial strains and their combination were able to reduce the content of ascorbic acid, flavonoid, total phenol, proline, and malondialdehyde, and catalase activity”
e1“H. aphyllum under combined conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The bacterial treatments improved antioxidant capacity.
- Taxon
- H. aphyllumHaloxylon aphyllume1
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacitye0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and ultimately improve the antioxidant capacity of H. aphyllum”
e1“H. aphyllum under combined conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that rhizobacteria prevent free-radical production and membrane damage.
- Taxon
- H. aphyllumHaloxylon aphyllume1
- Outcome
- cell membrane damage and the formation of malondialdehydee0
- Qualifier
- stop the production of free radicalse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the use of halotolerant rhizobacteria can stop the production of free radicals and thus prevent cell membrane damage and the formation of malondialdehyde”
e1“H. aphyllum under combined conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest these bacteria for Haloxylon afforestation in dry ecosystems.
- Taxon
- H. aphyllumHaloxylon aphyllume1
- Outcome
- optimal afforestatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of these bacteria can be useful in the optimal afforestation of H. aphyllum species in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.”
e1“H. aphyllum under combined conditions”
The same questions in other papers
Zhihengliuella halotolerans · physiology: pigments · Haloxylon aphyllumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.