Abstract
Water stress affects the growth, development, and yield of crops. The objective of this study is to evaluate the positive effects of nutrients (calcium, potassium, and boron) on durum wheat facing drought stress. Two treatments of calcium, potassium, and boron were used under drought and well-watered conditions on two varieties of durum wheat (V1—Preco; V2—Kronos). The data depict that the exogenous application of these nutrients gave significantly different (p < 0.05) results. The percentage increase in shoot length and root length was 29% and 35% compared to the untreated, drought-facing plants. There is also an increase in the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments and osmolytes. The foliar spray of nutrients enhances the synthesis of antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, which reduce the production of free radicals. It also helps to maintain the stability of membranes and other cell organelles. The spray application enhances the yield of durum wheat, i.e., the percentage increase in the number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight was 23% and 25% compared to the untreated, drought-facing plants. The use of these nutrients considerably improves the functioning of antioxidant machinery, helping combat the adverse effects of drought. Additionally, they improve the growth- and yield-related parameters. Hence, these sprays can be used as a plant growth regulator.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient application increased shoot length by 29% versus untreated drought-stressed plants.
- Taxon
- Durum Wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. durumt0 - Treatment
- exogenous application of these nutrientse1
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 29%e0
- Comparator
- untreated, drought-facing plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage increase in shoot length and root length was 29% and 35% compared to the untreated, drought-facing plants.”
e1“exogenous application of these nutrients”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient application increased root length by 35% versus untreated drought-stressed plants.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of these nutrientse1
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 35%e0
- Comparator
- untreated, drought-facing plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage increase in shoot length and root length was 29% and 35% compared to the untreated, drought-facing plants.”
e1“exogenous application of these nutrients”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient application increased photosynthetic pigments and osmolytes.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of these nutrientse1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments and osmolytese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There is also an increase in the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments and osmolytes.”
e1“exogenous application of these nutrients”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nutrient spray enhanced antioxidant synthesis.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- foliar spray of nutrientse0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- synthesis of antioxidantse0
- Direction
- enhancese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar spray of nutrients enhances the synthesis of antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient spraying reduced free radical production.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidasee1
- Outcome
- production of free radicalse0
- Direction
- reducee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which reduce the production of free radicals”
e1“The foliar spray of nutrients enhances the synthesis of antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient sprays helped maintain membrane and organelle stability.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- foliar spray of nutrientse1
- Outcome
- stability of membranes and other cell organellese0
- Direction
- maintaine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also helps to maintain the stability of membranes and other cell organelles.”
e1“The foliar spray of nutrients”
t0“Durum Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray application increased grains per spike by 23% versus untreated drought-stressed plants.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Treatment
- spray applicatione0
- Outcome
- number of grains per spikee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 23%e0
- Comparator
- untreated, drought-facing plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The spray application enhances the yield of durum wheat, i.e., the percentage increase in the number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight was 23% and 25% compared to the untreated, drought-facing plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray application increased 1000-grain weight by 25% versus untreated drought-stressed plants.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Treatment
- spray applicatione0
- Outcome
- 1000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 25%e0
- Comparator
- untreated, drought-facing plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The spray application enhances the yield of durum wheat, i.e., the percentage increase in the number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight was 23% and 25% compared to the untreated, drought-facing plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose using these nutrient sprays as a plant growth regulator.
- Taxon
- Durum WheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Outcome
- used as a plant growth regulatore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hence, these sprays can be used as a plant growth regulator.”
t0“Durum Wheat”
The same questions in other papers
application · yield · Triticum turgidum (rivet wheat)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →application · molecular: metabolites · Triticum turgidum (rivet wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.