Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of different organic fertilizers on plant growth, yield, quality properties and element contents in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). The research was carried out under open field conditions in Bolu province. In the study, Matador spinach variety was used and seven different applications were examined. The applications were as follows: 1) Control, 2) Chicken manure, 3) Turkey manure, 4) Sheep manure, 5) Cattle manure, 6) Vermicompost and 7) Chemical fertilizer. The experiment was established in randomized complete block design with three replications. According to the research findings, significant differences were found among the applications. In general, organic fertilizer applications significantly increased yield, plant height, plant wet weight, plant dry weight, dry matter content, number of marketable leaves, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and selenium contents of the plant in comparison with control and chemical fertilizer. The highest yield was determined in cattle manure application. It was observed that cattle manure increased the yield by 88.08% compared to the control and increased the yield by 41.16% compared to the chemical fertilizer. In organic fertilizer applications, heavy metal contents such as arsenic, chrome, cobalt, and nickel were found to be lower than the control and, aluminum and cadmium contents were found to be lower than chemical fertilizer. As a result, it was determined that organic fertilizers examined in the study have positive effects on plant growth, yield, quality properties and element contents of spinach and organic fertilizers can be used successfully for sustainable agriculture in spinach cultivation.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizers increased growth and yield traits.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceae1 - Treatment
- organic fertilizer applicationse0
- Outcome
- yield, plant height, plant wet weight, plant dry weight, dry matter content, number of marketable leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control and chemical fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic fertilizer applications significantly increased yield, plant height, plant wet weight, plant dry weight, dry matter content, number of marketable leaves, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and selenium contents of the plant in comparison with control and chemical fertilizer”
e1“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizers increased N, P, S and Se contents.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Treatment
- organic fertilizer applicationse0
- Outcome
- nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and selenium contents of the plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control and chemical fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic fertilizer applications significantly increased yield, plant height, plant wet weight, plant dry weight, dry matter content, number of marketable leaves, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and selenium contents of the plant in comparison with control and chemical fertilizer”
e1“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cattle manure produced highest yield.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Treatment
- cattle manure applicatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield was determined in cattle manure application.”
e1“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cattle manure increased yield by 88.08% over control.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Treatment
- cattle manuree0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 88.08%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cattle manure increased the yield by 88.08% compared to the control”
e1“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic fertilizers lowered As, Cr, Co and Ni contents.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae1
- Treatment
- organic fertilizer applicationse0
- Outcome
- arsenic, chrome, cobalt, and nickele0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In organic fertilizer applications, heavy metal contents such as arsenic, chrome, cobalt, and nickel were found to be lower than the control”
e1“spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend organic fertilizers for sustainable spinach cultivation.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Outcome
- used successfully for sustainable agriculture in spinach cultivatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic fertilizers can be used successfully for sustainable agriculture in spinach cultivation”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · yield · Spinacia oleracea (spinach)Results differ
67 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
75 papers more in this group
See all 79 papers →fertilization · nutrient: content · Spinacia oleracea (spinach)Positive and negative results
52 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
56 papers more in this group
See all 60 papers →fertilization · quality: postharvest · Spinacia oleracea (spinach)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.