Abstract
Adoption of a fall established, high biomass cereal rye cover crop has potential to diversify weed management in corn and soybean production systems, reducing the selection pressure for resistance to postemergence herbicides. However, farmers and crop consultants express concern about limited weed suppression from an overwintering cover crop in areas where high biomass production is limited by cooler spring temperatures, such as in the Upper-Midwest U.S. Use of a preemergence herbicide, regardless of cover crop adoption, is a standard recommendation for improving early season weed control in corn and soybean. Field experiments were conducted at two sites in Wisconsin to assess the effects of six soil management practices (tillage, no-till, and four cereal rye cover crop termination timings/methods) with or without the use of a preemergence herbicide on weed suppression at the time of postemergence herbicide application and crop productivity. Results showed that cereal rye biomass increased > 6x between termination at the time of cash crop planting versus termination two weeks later. In corn and soybean, weed ground cover was lower for soil management with cereal rye cover crop terminated two weeks after cash crop planting (≤ 7% weed cover) compared to all other soil management practices (≥ 23% weed cover) when a preemergence herbicide was not used. Use of a preemergence herbicide resulted in low weed ground cover across treatments in corn (≤ 7% weed cover) and soybean (≤ 13% weed cover). Corn and soybean yield was not affected by preemergence herbicide treatments. Corn yield was lower at the south-central Wisconsin location for the soil management with a cereal rye cover crop terminated two weeks after cash crop planting (9.82 Mg ha -1 ) compared to all other soil management practices (≥ 12.07 Mg ha -1 ); at the southwest Wisconsin location, corn yield was greater for the conventional tillage treatment (14.28 Mg ha -1 ) compared to all other soil management treatments (≤ 10.89 Mg ha -1 ). Soil management did not affect soybean yield, although yields were different between locations with 3.44 Mg ha -1 at the south-central Wisconsin compared to 4.77 Mg ha -1 at the southwest Wisconsin location. These results indicate that in the absence of a high biomass cereal rye cover crop, preemergence herbicides are important for in-season weed control. Also, the inclusion of a late-terminated cereal rye cover crop in soybean should be considered as an effective management practice for reducing weed ground cover without affecting crop yield.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Cereal rye biomass grew more than sixfold with termination two weeks after planting versus at planting.
Verbatim
e0“cereal rye biomass increased > 6x between termination at the time of cash crop planting versus termination two weeks later.”
Claim · model-written summary
Late rye termination reduced weed cover in corn without preemergence herbicide.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- cereal rye cover crop terminated two weeks after cash crop plantinge0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed ground covere0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- ≤ 7% weed covere0
- Qualifier
- when a preemergence herbicide was not usede0
- Comparator
- all other soil management practicese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In corn and soybean, weed ground cover was lower for soil management with cereal rye cover crop terminated two weeks after cash crop planting (≤ 7% weed cover) compared to all other soil management practices (≥ 23% weed cover) when a preemergence herbicide was not used.”
Claim · model-written summary
Late rye termination reduced weed cover in soybean without preemergence herbicide.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- cereal rye cover crop terminated two weeks after cash crop plantinge0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed ground covere0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- ≤ 7% weed covere0
- Qualifier
- when a preemergence herbicide was not usede0
- Comparator
- all other soil management practicese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In corn and soybean, weed ground cover was lower for soil management with cereal rye cover crop terminated two weeks after cash crop planting (≤ 7% weed cover) compared to all other soil management practices (≥ 23% weed cover) when a preemergence herbicide was not used.”
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence herbicide produced low weed cover in corn across treatments.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- preemergence herbicidee0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed ground covere0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Value
- ≤ 7% weed covere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of a preemergence herbicide resulted in low weed ground cover across treatments in corn (≤ 7% weed cover)”
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence herbicide produced low weed cover in soybean across treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- preemergence herbicidee0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed ground covere0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Value
- ≤ 13% weed covere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of a preemergence herbicide resulted in low weed ground cover across treatments in corn (≤ 7% weed cover) and soybean (≤ 13% weed cover).”
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence herbicide did not affect corn yield.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- preemergence herbicide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn and soybean yield was not affected by preemergence herbicide treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Preemergence herbicide did not affect soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- preemergence herbicide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn and soybean yield was not affected by preemergence herbicide treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Late rye termination reduced corn yield at the south central Wisconsin site.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- cereal rye cover crop terminated two weeks after cash crop plantinge0
- Outcome
- Corn yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 9.82 Mg ha -1e0
- Qualifier
- ≥ 12.07 Mg ha -1e0
- Comparator
- all other soil management practicese0
- Setting
- south-central Wisconsine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yield was lower at the south-central Wisconsin location for the soil management with a cereal rye cover crop terminated two weeks after cash crop planting (9.82 Mg ha -1 ) compared to all other soil management practices (≥ 12.07 Mg ha -1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage raised corn yield at the southwest Wisconsin site.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- conventional tillage treatmente0
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 14.28 Mg ha -1e0
- Qualifier
- ≤ 10.89 Mg ha -1e0
- Comparator
- all other soil management treatmentse0
- Setting
- southwest Wisconsine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at the southwest Wisconsin location, corn yield was greater for the conventional tillage treatment (14.28 Mg ha -1 ) compared to all other soil management treatments (≤ 10.89 Mg ha -1 ).”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil management did not affect soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil management did not affect soybean yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was 3.44 Mg per hectare at the south central Wisconsin site.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Value
- 3.44 Mg ha -1e0
- Setting
- south-central Wisconsine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“3.44 Mg ha -1 at the south-central Wisconsin”
t0“soybean”
e1“Soil management did not affect soybean yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was 4.77 Mg per hectare at the southwest Wisconsin site.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Value
- 4.77 Mg ha -1e0
- Setting
- southwest Wisconsine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“4.77 Mg ha -1 at the southwest Wisconsin location.”
t0“soybean”
e1“Soil management did not affect soybean yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend preemergence herbicide for weed control where high biomass rye is absent.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- preemergence herbicides are important for in-season weed controle0
- Qualifier
- in the absence of a high biomass cereal rye cover crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the absence of a high biomass cereal rye cover crop, preemergence herbicides are important for in-season weed control.”
t0“corn”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend late terminated rye in soybean for weed suppression without yield loss.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- inclusion of a late-terminated cereal rye cover crop in soybean should be considered as an effective management practicee0
- Qualifier
- reducing weed ground cover without affecting crop yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the inclusion of a late-terminated cereal rye cover crop in soybean should be considered as an effective management practice for reducing weed ground cover without affecting crop yield.”
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