Abstract
Abstract Althought safflower is a tolerant crop against many environmental stresses, but its yield and performance reduce under stress. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of silicon (Si) application on the possibility of increasing salinity resistance and related mechanisms in safflower. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Si spraying (0, 1.5 and 2.5 mM) on safflower plants grown under salt stress condition (non-saline and 10 dS m −1 ). Salinity reduced seedling emergence percent and rate, growth parameters and disrupted ion uptake but increased emergence time and specifc leaf weight. Spraying of Si increased plant height, fresh and dry weight, leaf area, relative water content (RWC), potassium, calcium and silicon content, while sodium absorption was decreased. As a result, the K + /Na + and Ca 2+ /Na + ratios were increased. Elevated ion contents and ratios indicate an enhanced selectivity of ion uptake following silicon application and may increase ion discrimination against Na + . Treatment with 2.5 mM Si showed the most positive effect on the measured growth traits. Decrement in leaf area ratio under salinity indicates a more severe effect of salinity on leaf area compared to biomass production. On the other hand, silicon reduced the specific leaf weight under stress and non-stress conditions, which revalues the positive effects of silicon on leaf area expansion. Improvement of RWC may a reason for the icrease in leaf area and biomass production. Data shows that spraying with Si especialy with 2.5 mM can reduce salinity stress damage to safflower and increase biomass production.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced seedling emergence percent and rate.
- Taxon
- safflower
Carthamus tinctoriuse1 - Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- seedling emergence percent and ratee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- non-salinee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity reduced seedling emergence percent and rate”
e1“A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Si spraying (0, 1.5 and 2.5 mM) on safflower plants grown under salt stress condition (non-saline and 10 dS m −1 ).”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced growth parameters.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- non-salinee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity reduced seedling emergence percent and rate, growth parameters and disrupted ion uptake”
e1“A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Si spraying (0, 1.5 and 2.5 mM) on safflower plants grown under salt stress condition (non-saline and 10 dS m −1 ).”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity disrupted ion uptake.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- ion uptakee0
- Direction
- disruptede0
- Comparator
- non-salinee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity reduced seedling emergence percent and rate, growth parameters and disrupted ion uptake”
e1“A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Si spraying (0, 1.5 and 2.5 mM) on safflower plants grown under salt stress condition (non-saline and 10 dS m −1 ).”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased emergence time and specific leaf weight.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Treatment
- salt stress conditione1
- Outcome
- emergence time and specifc leaf weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- non-salinee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased emergence time and specifc leaf weight”
e1“A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Si spraying (0, 1.5 and 2.5 mM) on safflower plants grown under salt stress condition (non-saline and 10 dS m −1 ).”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon spraying increased plant height, fresh and dry weight and leaf area.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Treatment
- Spraying of Sie0
- Outcome
- plant height, fresh and dry weight, leaf areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying of Si increased plant height, fresh and dry weight, leaf area”
e1“A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Si spraying (0, 1.5 and 2.5 mM) on safflower plants grown under salt stress condition (non-saline and 10 dS m −1 ).”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon spraying increased relative water content.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Treatment
- Spraying of Sie0
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying of Si increased plant height, fresh and dry weight, leaf area, relative water content (RWC)”
e1“A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Si spraying (0, 1.5 and 2.5 mM) on safflower plants grown under salt stress condition (non-saline and 10 dS m −1 ).”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon spraying increased potassium, calcium and silicon content.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Treatment
- Sie1
- Outcome
- potassium, calcium and silicon contente0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potassium, calcium and silicon content, while sodium absorption was decreased”
e1“A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Si spraying (0, 1.5 and 2.5 mM) on safflower plants grown under salt stress condition (non-saline and 10 dS m −1 ).”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon spraying decreased sodium absorption.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Treatment
- Sie1
- Outcome
- sodium absorptione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sodium absorption was decreased”
e1“A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Si spraying (0, 1.5 and 2.5 mM) on safflower plants grown under salt stress condition (non-saline and 10 dS m −1 ).”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon spraying increased potassium to sodium and calcium to sodium ratios.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Treatment
- Sie1
- Outcome
- K + /Na + and Ca 2+ /Na + ratiose0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the K + /Na + and Ca 2+ /Na + ratios were increased”
e1“A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Si spraying (0, 1.5 and 2.5 mM) on safflower plants grown under salt stress condition (non-saline and 10 dS m −1 ).”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2.5 mM Si treatment had the strongest positive growth effect.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Treatment
- 2.5 mM Sie0
- Outcome
- measured growth traitse0
- Direction
- most positivee0
- Comparator
- 1.5e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with 2.5 mM Si showed the most positive effect on the measured growth traits”
e1“A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Si spraying (0, 1.5 and 2.5 mM) on safflower plants grown under salt stress condition (non-saline and 10 dS m −1 ).”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased leaf area ratio.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- leaf area ratioe0
- Direction
- Decremente0
- Comparator
- non-salinee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decrement in leaf area ratio under salinity”
e1“A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Si spraying (0, 1.5 and 2.5 mM) on safflower plants grown under salt stress condition (non-saline and 10 dS m −1 ).”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon reduced specific leaf weight under stress and nonstress conditions.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Treatment
- silicone0
- Outcome
- specific leaf weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- under stress and non-stress conditionse0
- Comparator
- 0e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“silicon reduced the specific leaf weight under stress and non-stress conditions”
e1“A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Si spraying (0, 1.5 and 2.5 mM) on safflower plants grown under salt stress condition (non-saline and 10 dS m −1 ).”
Claim · model-written summary
Improved relative water content may explain greater leaf area and biomass.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse1
- Outcome
- leaf area and biomass productione0
- Qualifier
- Improvement of RWCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Improvement of RWC may a reason for the icrease in leaf area and biomass production”
e1“A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Si spraying (0, 1.5 and 2.5 mM) on safflower plants grown under salt stress condition (non-saline and 10 dS m −1 ).”
Claim · model-written summary
Silicon spraying, especially 2.5 mM, can reduce salinity damage and increase biomass production.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- spraying with Si especialy with 2.5 mMe0
- Outcome
- reduce salinity stress damagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spraying with Si especialy with 2.5 mM can reduce salinity stress damage to safflower and increase biomass production”
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See all 30 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.