Abstract
Rice is an important food crop. Rice seedlings are mainly composed of root, coleoptile, mesocotyl and euphylla. The elongation of coleoptile and mesocotyl promotes the emergence of rice seedlings. Therefore, analyzing the mechanism of coleoptile and mesocotyl elongation is important for the cultivation of rice varieties. Due to global warming, heat stress is threatening rice yields. Betaine plays an important role in plant resistance to heat stress; however, we lack research on its regulation mechanism of rice seed germination under heat stress. Therefore, we explored the effects of soaking seeds with betaine at different concentrations on rice seed germination under heat stress. According to the results, soaking seeds with 10 mM of betaine could effectively improve the seeds' germination potential and rate under heat stress to promote the germination of rice seeds. To clarify the mitigation mechanism of betaine in heat stress, we measured the antioxidant enzyme activity, malondialdehyde content, soluble protein content and endogenous hormone content of seed protrusion under heat stress. We constructed the cDNA library for transcriptome sequencing. According to the results, 10 mM of betaine improved the activities of the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase of seed protrusion under heat stress to reduce the malondialdehyde content and increase the soluble protein content to alleviate the effect of heat stress on rice seed germination. The detection of the endogenous hormone content showed that soaking seeds with 10 mM of betaine increased the content of gibberellin and decreased the contents of auxin and abscisic acid of seed protrusion under heat stress. According to the transcriptome analysis, betaine can induce the expressions of key genes in the biosynthesis and metabolism of auxin, abscisic acid and gibberellins in the seed coleoptile and mesocotyl elongation stage, regulate the signal transduction of three hormones and promote the germination of rice seeds under heat stress. This study revealed, for the first time, the physiological and molecular regulation mechanism of betaine promotion of seed germination under heat stress.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Soaking rice seed in 10 mM betaine improved germination potential and rate under heat stress.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- soaking seeds with 10 mM of betainee0
- Outcome
- seeds' germination potential and ratee0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soaking seeds with 10 mM of betaine could effectively improve the seeds' germination potential and rate under heat stress”
t0“Rice Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Betaine increased superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities in heat-stressed seed protrusions.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- seed protrusione0
- Treatment
- 10 mM of betainee0
- Outcome
- activities of the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalasee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10 mM of betaine improved the activities of the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase of seed protrusion under heat stress”
t0“Rice Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Betaine reduced malondialdehyde content under heat stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 10 mM of betainee1
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde contente0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduce the malondialdehyde content”
e1“10 mM of betaine improved the activities”
t0“Rice Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Betaine increased soluble protein content under heat stress.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 10 mM of betainee1
- Outcome
- soluble protein contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase the soluble protein content”
e1“10 mM of betaine improved the activities”
t0“Rice Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Betaine increased gibberellin content in seed protrusions.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- soaking seeds with 10 mM of betainee0
- Outcome
- content of gibberelline0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soaking seeds with 10 mM of betaine increased the content of gibberellin”
t0“Rice Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Betaine decreased auxin and abscisic acid content in seed protrusions.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 10 mM of betainee1
- Outcome
- contents of auxin and abscisic acide0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased the contents of auxin and abscisic acid of seed protrusion under heat stress.”
e1“The detection of the endogenous hormone content showed that soaking seeds with 10 mM of betaine”
t0“Rice Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Betaine induced genes for auxin, abscisic acid and gibberellin biosynthesis and metabolism during coleoptile and mesocotyl elongation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- seed coleoptile and mesocotyl elongation stagee0
- Treatment
- betainee0
- Outcome
- expressions of key genese0
- Direction
- inducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“betaine can induce the expressions of key genes in the biosynthesis and metabolism of auxin, abscisic acid and gibberellins in the seed coleoptile and mesocotyl elongation stage”
t0“Rice Seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Betaine regulated three hormone signal transduction pathways and promoted heat-stressed rice germination.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- germination of rice seedse0
- Qualifier
- signal transduction of three hormonese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“regulate the signal transduction of three hormones and promote the germination of rice seeds under heat stress.”
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