Abstract
Putrescine (Put), melatonin (MT), proline (Pro), and potassium fulvic acid (MFA) are widely used as the plant growth regulators to enhance stress tolerance. However, the roles of their mixtures in response to stress are largely unknown. Here, we mixed Put with MT, Pro, and MFA (hereafter referred to as Put mixture) with different concentrations and foliar sprayed at different growth stages (seedling, flowering, and fruiting stage) of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) to investigate their roles on plant growth, fruit yield, and quality under high temperature stress. The foliar application of the Put mixture promoted cucumber growth, increased chlorophyll and Pro contents and net photosynthesis rate, and reduced the values of relative electrolyte leakage, H2O2 and malondialdehyde contents of cucumber leaves, indicating that treatment with Put mixture reduced the oxidative stress caused by high temperature. Furthermore, Put mixture-treated cucumber plants had lower fruit deformity rate and higher fruit yield compared with control. The contents of vitamin C and soluble solids of cucumber fruit significantly increased and the contents of tannin and organic acid decreased. The most profound effects were found in the plants treated with 8 mmol L−1 Put, 50 µmol L−1 MT, 1.5 mmol L−1 Pro and 0.3 g L−1 MFA every 7 d for three times at the seedling stage, indicating that cucumber seedlings treated with the mixture of Put, MT, Pro, and MFA significantly alleviated the negative effects of high temperature stress.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The Put mixture promoted cucumber growth.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- foliar application of the Put mixturee0
- Outcome
- cucumber growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar application of the Put mixture promoted cucumber growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The Put mixture increased cucumber chlorophyll and proline contents and net photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Put mixturee1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and Pro contents and net photosynthesis ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased chlorophyll and Pro contents and net photosynthesis rate”
t0“cucumber”
e1“The foliar application of the Put mixture promoted cucumber growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The Put mixture reduced leaf electrolyte leakage, H2O2 and malondialdehyde.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Put mixturee1
- Outcome
- relative electrolyte leakage, H2O2 and malondialdehyde contentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced the values of relative electrolyte leakage, H2O2 and malondialdehyde contents of cucumber leaves”
t0“cucumber”
e1“The foliar application of the Put mixture promoted cucumber growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Put mixture-treated plants had lower fruit deformity than controls.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Put mixture-treatede0
- Outcome
- fruit deformity ratee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Put mixture-treated cucumber plants had lower fruit deformity rate and higher fruit yield compared with control”
Claim · model-written summary
Put mixture-treated plants had higher fruit yield than controls.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Put mixture-treatede0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Put mixture-treated cucumber plants had lower fruit deformity rate and higher fruit yield compared with control”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit vitamin C and soluble solids increased.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Organ / stage
- fruite0
- Treatment
- Put mixturee1
- Outcome
- contents of vitamin C and soluble solidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contents of vitamin C and soluble solids of cucumber fruit significantly increased”
t0“cucumber”
e1“The foliar application of the Put mixture promoted cucumber growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit tannin and organic acid contents decreased.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Put mixturee1
- Outcome
- contents of tannin and organic acide0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contents of tannin and organic acid decreased”
t0“cucumber”
e1“The foliar application of the Put mixture promoted cucumber growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The strongest effects occurred with the specified mixture applied three times every seven days at the seedling stage.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- seedling stagee0
- Treatment
- 8 mmol L−1 Put, 50 µmol L−1 MT, 1.5 mmol L−1 Pro and 0.3 g L−1 MFA every 7 d for three timese0
- Outcome
- most profound effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most profound effects were found in the plants treated with 8 mmol L−1 Put, 50 µmol L−1 MT, 1.5 mmol L−1 Pro and 0.3 g L−1 MFA every 7 d for three times at the seedling stage”
t0“cucumber”
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