Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants were subjected to hypoxic stress with or without a pretreatment of putrescine (Put) to investigate whether nitrate reduction is involved in the enhancement effects of Put on tolerance to root-zone hypoxia. Both hypoxic stress and exogenous Put application significantly increased the contents of endogenous Put, spermidine and spermine. Plants grown under hypoxic conditions exhibited reductions in plant growth rate, NAD+/NADH ratio, ATP concentration, and consequent lowered cell viability in roots. The detrimental effects, however, were significantly alleviated by the addition of Put into the nutrient solution 24 h before the administration of hypoxia. Transcript levels of NR (nitrate reductase) and its cofactor binding domain genes FAD (FAD binding) and CYP51G1 (Heme binding), the activity of nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1) and the nitrate reduction process were each greatly enhanced by Put application, particularly in roots exposed to hypoxia. Lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) activity was independent of aeration condition and Put application, whereas alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) activity was significantly increased after exposure to hypoxia, but did not increase after Put application. Put failed to alleviate the hypoxia injury of root electrolyte leakage when NR was inhibited by tungstate in the nutrient solution. These results suggest that Put enhances tolerance to hypoxia by increasing the transcript levels of NR and its cofactor binding domain genes, thereby stimulating the activities of NR and nitrate reduction to maintain the redox and energy status.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Hypoxic stress and exogenous putrescine application significantly increased endogenous Put, spermidine and spermine contents in cucumber.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- hypoxic stresse1
- Outcome
- contents of endogenous Put, spermidine and sperminee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- without a pretreatment of putrescinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants were subjected to hypoxic stress with or without a pretreatment of putrescine (Put)”
e1“Both hypoxic stress and exogenous Put application significantly increased the contents of endogenous Put, spermidine and spermine”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypoxia reduced the plant growth rate, NAD+/NADH ratio and ATP concentration in cucumber.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- hypoxic conditionse2
- Outcome
- plant growth rate, NAD+/NADH ratio, ATP concentratione2
- Direction
- reductionse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants were subjected to hypoxic stress with or without a pretreatment of putrescine (Put)”
e2“Plants grown under hypoxic conditions exhibited reductions in plant growth rate, NAD+/NADH ratio, ATP concentration, and consequent lowered cell viability in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypoxia lowered cell viability in cucumber roots.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse2
- Treatment
- hypoxic conditionse2
- Outcome
- cell viabilitye2
- Direction
- lowerede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants were subjected to hypoxic stress with or without a pretreatment of putrescine (Put)”
e2“Plants grown under hypoxic conditions exhibited reductions in plant growth rate, NAD+/NADH ratio, ATP concentration, and consequent lowered cell viability in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine pretreatment significantly alleviated the detrimental effects of hypoxia in cucumber.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- addition of Put into the nutrient solution 24 h beforee3
- Outcome
- detrimental effectse3
- Direction
- alleviatede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants were subjected to hypoxic stress with or without a pretreatment of putrescine (Put)”
e3“The detrimental effects, however, were significantly alleviated by the addition of Put into the nutrient solution 24 h before the administration of hypoxia”
Claim · model-written summary
Put application greatly enhanced NR transcript levels in cucumber roots, particularly under hypoxia.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse4
- Treatment
- Put applicatione4
- Gene
- NRe4
- Outcome
- Transcript levelse4
- Direction
- greatly enhancede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants were subjected to hypoxic stress with or without a pretreatment of putrescine (Put)”
e4“Transcript levels of NR (nitrate reductase) and its cofactor binding domain genes FAD (FAD binding) and CYP51G1 (Heme binding), the activity of nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1) and the nitrate reduction process were each greatly enhanced by Put application, particularly in roots exposed to hypoxia”
Claim · model-written summary
Put application greatly enhanced nitrate reductase activity in cucumber roots, particularly under hypoxia.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse4
- Treatment
- Put applicatione4
- Outcome
- the activity of nitrate reductasee4
- Direction
- greatly enhancede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants were subjected to hypoxic stress with or without a pretreatment of putrescine (Put)”
e4“Transcript levels of NR (nitrate reductase) and its cofactor binding domain genes FAD (FAD binding) and CYP51G1 (Heme binding), the activity of nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1) and the nitrate reduction process were each greatly enhanced by Put application, particularly in roots exposed to hypoxia”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactate dehydrogenase activity in cucumber was independent of aeration condition and Put application.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Outcome
- Lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) activitye5
- Qualifier
- independent of aeration condition and Put applicatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants were subjected to hypoxic stress with or without a pretreatment of putrescine (Put)”
e5“Lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) activity was independent of aeration condition and Put application”
Claim · model-written summary
Hypoxia significantly increased alcohol dehydrogenase activity in cucumber.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- exposure to hypoxiae6
- Outcome
- alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) activitye6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants were subjected to hypoxic stress with or without a pretreatment of putrescine (Put)”
e6“alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) activity was significantly increased after exposure to hypoxia, but did not increase after Put application”
Claim · model-written summary
Put application did not increase alcohol dehydrogenase activity in cucumber.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Put applicatione6
- Outcome
- alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) activitye6
- Direction
- did not increasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants were subjected to hypoxic stress with or without a pretreatment of putrescine (Put)”
e6“alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) activity was significantly increased after exposure to hypoxia, but did not increase after Put application”
Claim · model-written summary
Put failed to alleviate root electrolyte leakage caused by hypoxia when nitrate reductase was inhibited by tungstate.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Organ / stage
- roote7
- Treatment
- Pute7
- Gene
- NRe7
- Outcome
- hypoxia injury of root electrolyte leakagee7
- Direction
- failed to alleviatee7
- Qualifier
- when NR was inhibited by tungstatee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants were subjected to hypoxic stress with or without a pretreatment of putrescine (Put)”
e7“Put failed to alleviate the hypoxia injury of root electrolyte leakage when NR was inhibited by tungstate in the nutrient solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Putrescine may enhance hypoxia tolerance of cucumber by increasing NR transcript levels, thereby stimulating nitrate reduction.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Pute4
- Gene
- NRe4
- Outcome
- tolerance to hypoxiae4
- Qualifier
- increasing the transcript levels of NRe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants were subjected to hypoxic stress with or without a pretreatment of putrescine (Put)”
e4“These results suggest that Put enhances tolerance to hypoxia by increasing the transcript levels of NR and its cofactor binding domain genes, thereby stimulating the activities of NR and nitrate reduction to maintain the redox and energy status”
The same questions in other papers
putrescine · physiology: oxidative · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
flooding · growth · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results differ
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.