Paper · 1976 · HortScience

Chemical Control of Vegetative Growth and Flowering of Non-bearing ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees1

R. E. Byers; J. A. Barden

7
claims
9
verbatim quotes
14
citations
3
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-nc-nd

Abstract

Abstract A combination of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide), (2-chloroethyl)-phosphonic acid (ethephon) and straight chain fatty alcohols (Off-Shoot-T85) or methyl esters of straight chain fatty acids (Off-Shoot-0) applied 30 days after bloom to nonbearing ‘Topred Delicious’ apple trees ( Malus domestica Borkh.) induced spur development on current season growth, increased the number of flower buds per tree, and suppressed terminal growth, one-year-old shoot diameter, and trunk diameter. The combination of daminozide and ethephon did not induce spurs to develop on current season growth; however, slightly enlarged buds on one-year-old growth flowered the spring following treatment.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 7

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A combination of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide), (2-chloroethyl)-phosphonic acid (ethephon) and straight chain fatty alcohols (Off-Shoot-T85) or methyl esters of straight chain fatty acids (Off-Shoot-0) induced spur development.

Taxon
apple treesMalus domesticae0
Material
‘Topred Delicious’e0
Treatment
A combination of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide), (2-chloroethyl)-phosphonic acid (ethephon) and straight chain fatty alcohols (Off-Shoot-T85) or methyl esters of straight chain fatty acids (Off-Shoot-0)e0
Outcome
spur developmente0
Direction
inducede0
Qualifier
30 days after bloome0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“A combination of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide), (2-chloroethyl)-phosphonic acid (ethephon) and straight chain fatty alcohols (Off-Shoot-T85) or methyl esters of straight chain fatty acids (Off-Shoot-0) applied 30 days after bloom to nonbearing ‘Topred Delicious’ apple trees ( Malus domestica Borkh.) induced spur development on current season growth, increased the number of flower buds per tree, and suppressed terminal growth, one-year-old shoot diameter, and trunk diameter”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–505 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A combination of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide), (2-chloroethyl)-phosphonic acid (ethephon) and straight chain fatty alcohols (Off-Shoot-T85) or methyl esters of straight chain fatty acids (Off-Shoot-0) increased number of flower buds per tree.

Taxon
apple treesMalus domesticae0
Material
‘Topred Delicious’e0
Treatment
A combination of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide), (2-chloroethyl)-phosphonic acid (ethephon) and straight chain fatty alcohols (Off-Shoot-T85) or methyl esters of straight chain fatty acids (Off-Shoot-0)e0
Outcome
number of flower buds per treee0
Direction
increasede0
Qualifier
30 days after bloome0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“A combination of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide), (2-chloroethyl)-phosphonic acid (ethephon) and straight chain fatty alcohols (Off-Shoot-T85) or methyl esters of straight chain fatty acids (Off-Shoot-0) applied 30 days after bloom to nonbearing ‘Topred Delicious’ apple trees ( Malus domestica Borkh.) induced spur development on current season growth, increased the number of flower buds per tree, and suppressed terminal growth, one-year-old shoot diameter, and trunk diameter”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–505 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A combination of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide), (2-chloroethyl)-phosphonic acid (ethephon) and straight chain fatty alcohols (Off-Shoot-T85) or methyl esters of straight chain fatty acids (Off-Shoot-0) suppressed terminal growth.

Taxon
apple treesMalus domesticae0
Material
‘Topred Delicious’e0
Treatment
A combination of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide), (2-chloroethyl)-phosphonic acid (ethephon) and straight chain fatty alcohols (Off-Shoot-T85) or methyl esters of straight chain fatty acids (Off-Shoot-0)e0
Outcome
terminal growthe0
Direction
suppressede0
Qualifier
30 days after bloome0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“A combination of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide), (2-chloroethyl)-phosphonic acid (ethephon) and straight chain fatty alcohols (Off-Shoot-T85) or methyl esters of straight chain fatty acids (Off-Shoot-0) applied 30 days after bloom to nonbearing ‘Topred Delicious’ apple trees ( Malus domestica Borkh.) induced spur development on current season growth, increased the number of flower buds per tree, and suppressed terminal growth, one-year-old shoot diameter, and trunk diameter”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–505 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A combination of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide), (2-chloroethyl)-phosphonic acid (ethephon) and straight chain fatty alcohols (Off-Shoot-T85) or methyl esters of straight chain fatty acids (Off-Shoot-0) suppressed one-year-old shoot diameter.

Taxon
apple treesMalus domesticae0
Material
‘Topred Delicious’e0
Treatment
A combination of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide), (2-chloroethyl)-phosphonic acid (ethephon) and straight chain fatty alcohols (Off-Shoot-T85) or methyl esters of straight chain fatty acids (Off-Shoot-0)e0
Outcome
one-year-old shoot diametere0
Direction
suppressede0
Qualifier
30 days after bloome0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“A combination of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide), (2-chloroethyl)-phosphonic acid (ethephon) and straight chain fatty alcohols (Off-Shoot-T85) or methyl esters of straight chain fatty acids (Off-Shoot-0) applied 30 days after bloom to nonbearing ‘Topred Delicious’ apple trees ( Malus domestica Borkh.) induced spur development on current season growth, increased the number of flower buds per tree, and suppressed terminal growth, one-year-old shoot diameter, and trunk diameter”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–505 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A combination of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide), (2-chloroethyl)-phosphonic acid (ethephon) and straight chain fatty alcohols (Off-Shoot-T85) or methyl esters of straight chain fatty acids (Off-Shoot-0) suppressed trunk diameter.

Taxon
apple treesMalus domesticae0
Material
‘Topred Delicious’e0
Treatment
A combination of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide), (2-chloroethyl)-phosphonic acid (ethephon) and straight chain fatty alcohols (Off-Shoot-T85) or methyl esters of straight chain fatty acids (Off-Shoot-0)e0
Outcome
trunk diametere0
Direction
suppressede0
Qualifier
30 days after bloome0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“A combination of succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (daminozide), (2-chloroethyl)-phosphonic acid (ethephon) and straight chain fatty alcohols (Off-Shoot-T85) or methyl esters of straight chain fatty acids (Off-Shoot-0) applied 30 days after bloom to nonbearing ‘Topred Delicious’ apple trees ( Malus domestica Borkh.) induced spur development on current season growth, increased the number of flower buds per tree, and suppressed terminal growth, one-year-old shoot diameter, and trunk diameter”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–505 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Daminozide and ethephon did not induce current-season spurs.

Taxon
apple treesMalus domesticat0
Treatment
daminozide and ethephone0
Outcome
spurs to develop on current season growthe0
Direction
did not inducee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The combination of daminozide and ethephon did not induce spurs to develop on current season growth”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 507–606 · show in text ↑
t0

“apple trees”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 79–90 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Slightly enlarged buds on one-year-old growth flowered the next spring after daminozide and ethephon.

Taxon
apple treesMalus domesticat0
Outcome
slightly enlarged buds on one-year-old growth flowerede0
Qualifier
the spring following treatmente0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“slightly enlarged buds on one-year-old growth flowered the spring following treatment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 617–702 · show in text ↑
t0

“apple trees”

✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 79–90 · show in text ↑

Daminozide · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ

23 papers: 10 positive, 13 negative or no effect

9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. negative

19 papers more in this group

See all 23 papers →

(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ

30 papers: 20 positive, 10 negative or no effect

19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

26 papers more in this group

See all 30 papers →

phosphonic acid · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results

3 papers: 2 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

2-chloroethyl group · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results

3 papers: 2 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. positive
See all 3 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.