Paper · 1976 · HortScience

Response of Apple Seedlings to Zinc Fertilization and Mycorrhizal Inoculation1

N. R. Benson; R. P. Covey

10
claims
18
verbatim quotes
20
citations
4
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-nc-nd

Abstract

Abstract Zinc fertilization (5 ppm) of apple seedlings ( Malus sp.) grown in chloropicrin-fumigated soil increased shoot weight slightly and Zn concentration significantly after 70 days. Inoculation of seedling with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, or G. fasciculatus (Thaxter) Gerd. & Trappe without Zn fertilization increased shoot weight but not plant Zn concentration. Zinc fertilization plus mycorrhizal inoculation increased shoot weight and Zn concentration. Total Zn uptake was increased 7 fold by combined Zn fertilization and G. fasciculatus inoculation. G. mosseae was slightly less effective than G. fasciculatus in promoting seedling growth.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 10

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Zinc fertilization increased apple seedling shoot weight.

Treatment
Zinc fertilization (5 ppm)e0
Outcome
shoot weighte0
Direction
increasede0
Qualifier
after 70 dayse0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Abstract Zinc fertilization (5 ppm) of apple seedlings ( Malus sp.) grown in chloropicrin-fumigated soil increased shoot weight slightly and Zn concentration significantly after 70 days.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–186 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Zinc fertilization increased apple seedling Zn concentration.

Treatment
Zinc fertilization (5 ppm)e0
Outcome
Zn concentratione0
Direction
increasede0
Qualifier
after 70 dayse0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Abstract Zinc fertilization (5 ppm) of apple seedlings ( Malus sp.) grown in chloropicrin-fumigated soil increased shoot weight slightly and Zn concentration significantly after 70 days.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–186 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Glomus mosseae inoculation increased shoot weight.

Treatment
Inoculation of seedling with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal funguse0
Interactor
Glomus mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
Outcome
shoot weighte0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Funneliformis mosseae
Funneliformis mosseae · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categorySamson90 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Inoculation of seedling with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, or G. fasciculatus (Thaxter) Gerd. & Trappe without Zn fertilization increased shoot weight but not plant Zn concentration.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 187–427 · show in text ↑
t0

“Apple Seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–27 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

G. fasciculatus inoculation increased shoot weight.

Treatment
Inoculation of seedling with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal funguse0
Interactor
G. fasciculatuse0symbiont
Outcome
shoot weighte0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Inoculation of seedling with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, or G. fasciculatus (Thaxter) Gerd. & Trappe without Zn fertilization increased shoot weight but not plant Zn concentration.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 187–427 · show in text ↑
t0

“Apple Seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–27 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Glomus mosseae inoculation did not increase plant Zn concentration.

Treatment
Inoculation of seedling with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal funguse0
Interactor
Glomus mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
Outcome
plant Zn concentratione0
Direction
note0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Funneliformis mosseae
Funneliformis mosseae · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categorySamson90 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Inoculation of seedling with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, or G. fasciculatus (Thaxter) Gerd. & Trappe without Zn fertilization increased shoot weight but not plant Zn concentration.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 187–427 · show in text ↑
t0

“Apple Seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–27 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

G. fasciculatus inoculation did not increase plant Zn concentration.

Treatment
Inoculation of seedling with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal funguse0
Interactor
G. fasciculatuse0symbiont
Outcome
plant Zn concentratione0
Direction
note0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Inoculation of seedling with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, or G. fasciculatus (Thaxter) Gerd. & Trappe without Zn fertilization increased shoot weight but not plant Zn concentration.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 187–427 · show in text ↑
t0

“Apple Seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–27 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Zinc fertilization plus mycorrhizal inoculation increased shoot weight.

Treatment
Zinc fertilization plus mycorrhizal inoculatione0
Outcome
shoot weighte0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Zinc fertilization plus mycorrhizal inoculation increased shoot weight and Zn concentration.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 428–520 · show in text ↑
t0

“Apple Seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–27 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Zinc fertilization plus mycorrhizal inoculation increased Zn concentration.

Treatment
Zinc fertilization plus mycorrhizal inoculatione0
Outcome
Zn concentratione0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Zinc fertilization plus mycorrhizal inoculation increased shoot weight and Zn concentration.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 428–520 · show in text ↑
t0

“Apple Seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–27 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Combined zinc fertilization and G. fasciculatus inoculation increased total zinc uptake sevenfold.

Treatment
combined Zn fertilization and G. fasciculatus inoculatione0
Interactor
G. fasciculatuse0symbiont
Outcome
Total Zn uptakee0
Direction
increasede0
Value
7 folde0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Total Zn uptake was increased 7 fold by combined Zn fertilization and G. fasciculatus inoculation.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 521–619 · show in text ↑
t0

“Apple Seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–27 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

G. mosseae promoted seedling growth slightly less effectively than G. fasciculatus.

Interactor
G. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
Outcome
seedling growthe0
Direction
slightly less effectivee0
Comparator
G. fasciculatuse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Malus domestica
Malus domestica · TaxonW.carter · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Funneliformis mosseae
Funneliformis mosseae · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categorySamson90 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“G. mosseae was slightly less effective than G. fasciculatus in promoting seedling growth.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 620–709 · show in text ↑
t0

“Apple Seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–27 · show in text ↑

zinc atom · nutrient: content · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results

22 papers: 20 positive, 2 negative or no effect

19 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. no effect
  3. positive

18 papers more in this group

See all 22 papers →

zinc atom · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree

6 papers: 6 positive, 0 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

2 papers more in this group

See all 6 papers →

mycorrhiza · nutrient: content · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results

9 papers: 7 positive, 2 negative or no effect

6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. negative

5 papers more in this group

See all 9 papers →

inoculation · nutrient: content · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results

14 papers: 10 positive, 4 negative or no effect

9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. no effect

10 papers more in this group

See all 14 papers →

mycorrhiza · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results

16 papers: 15 positive, 1 negative or no effect

14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. negative

12 papers more in this group

See all 16 papers →

inoculation · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results

42 papers: 31 positive, 11 negative or no effect

30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

38 papers more in this group

See all 42 papers →

fertilization · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results

106 papers: 90 positive, 16 negative or no effect

89 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

102 papers more in this group

See all 106 papers →

fertilization · nutrient: content · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results

117 papers: 86 positive, 31 negative or no effect

85 papers in the same direction as this paper · 29 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. negative

113 papers more in this group

See all 117 papers →

8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.