Abstract
Abstract Apple (Malus hupehensis Rehd) seedlings were grown in sterilized and non‐sterilized soil with or without phosphorus (P) added and inoculated by VA mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi (Glomus versifome Daniels et Tappe and Glomus macrocarpum Tul et Tul). In sterilized soil, the VAM infection increased the transpiration rate (Tr.) of the leaves, reduced the stomatal resistance (Sr.) and the permanent wilting percentage (PWP) and enhanced the rate of recovery of the plant from the water stress and the plant growth (e.g. leaf number, stem diameter and dry weight). It also increased absorption of most minerals, especially Zn and Cu by the roots and weakened the P‐Cu and P‐Zn interactions. Phosphorus fertilization had some positive effects on the water status, P nutrition and growth, but it reduced the Cu concentration. VAM improved the water status and enhanced drought tolerance of the trees by enhancing absorption and translocation of water by the external hyphae. The efficiency of inoculation in nonsterile soil was not obvious.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
In sterilized soil, VAM infection increased leaf transpiration.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticae1 - Treatment
- VAM infectione0
- Interactor
- VAMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- transpiration rate (Tr.) of the leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- sterilized soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In sterilized soil, the VAM infection increased the transpiration rate (Tr.) of the leaves”
e1“Apple (Malus hupehensis Rehd) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
VAM infection reduced stomatal resistance and permanent wilting percentage.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- VAM infectione0
- Interactor
- VAMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- stomatal resistance (Sr.) and the permanent wilting percentage (PWP)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the VAM infection increased the transpiration rate (Tr.) of the leaves, reduced the stomatal resistance (Sr.) and the permanent wilting percentage (PWP)”
e1“Apple (Malus hupehensis Rehd) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
VAM infection enhanced recovery from water stress.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- VAM infectione2
- Interactor
- VAMe2symbiont
- Outcome
- rate of recovery of the plant from the water stresse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced the rate of recovery of the plant from the water stress”
e1“Apple (Malus hupehensis Rehd) seedlings”
e2“VAM infection”
Claim · model-written summary
VAM infection enhanced plant growth, including leaf number, stem diameter and dry weight.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- VAM infectione2
- Interactor
- VAMe2symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growth (e.g. leaf number, stem diameter and dry weight)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced the rate of recovery of the plant from the water stress and the plant growth (e.g. leaf number, stem diameter and dry weight)”
e1“Apple (Malus hupehensis Rehd) seedlings”
e2“VAM infection”
Claim · model-written summary
VAM infection increased root absorption of most minerals, especially Zn and Cu.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- VAM infectione2
- Interactor
- VAMe2symbiont
- Outcome
- absorption of most minerals, especially Zn and Cu by the rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also increased absorption of most minerals, especially Zn and Cu by the roots”
e1“Apple (Malus hupehensis Rehd) seedlings”
e2“VAM infection”
Claim · model-written summary
VAM infection weakened P-Cu and P-Zn interactions.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- VAM infectione2
- Interactor
- VAMe2symbiont
- Outcome
- P‐Cu and P‐Zn interactionse0
- Direction
- weakenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weakened the P‐Cu and P‐Zn interactions”
e1“Apple (Malus hupehensis Rehd) seedlings”
e2“VAM infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus fertilization had positive effects on water status, P nutrition and growth.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Phosphorus fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- water status, P nutrition and growthe0
- Direction
- positivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus fertilization had some positive effects on the water status, P nutrition and growth”
e1“Apple (Malus hupehensis Rehd) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus fertilization reduced Cu concentration.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Phosphorus fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- Cu concentratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phosphorus fertilization had some positive effects on the water status, P nutrition and growth, but it reduced the Cu concentration”
e1“Apple (Malus hupehensis Rehd) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
VAM improved water status and drought tolerance through external hyphal water absorption and translocation.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae1
- Interactor
- VAMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- water status and enhanced drought tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- enhancing absorption and translocation of water by the external hyphaee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VAM improved the water status and enhanced drought tolerance of the trees by enhancing absorption and translocation of water by the external hyphae”
e1“Apple (Malus hupehensis Rehd) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation efficiency was not obvious in nonsterile soil.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Interactor
- VAMe2symbiont
- Outcome
- efficiency of inoculatione0
- Setting
- nonsterile soile0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The efficiency of inoculation in nonsterile soil was not obvious”
e1“Apple (Malus hupehensis Rehd) seedlings”
e2“VAM infection”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.