Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of steroid hormones with great potential for use in crop improvement. De-repression is usually one of the key events in hormone signaling. However, how the stability of GSK2, the central negative regulator of BR signaling in rice (Oryza sativa), is regulated by BRs remains elusive. Here, we identify the U-box ubiquitin ligase TUD1 as a GSK2-interacting protein by yeast two-hybrid screening. We show that TUD1 is able to directly interact with GSK2 and ubiquitinate the protein. Phenotypes of the tud1 mutant are highly similar to those of plants with constitutively activated GSK2. Consistent with this finding, GSK2 protein accumulates in the tud1 mutant compared with the wild type. In addition, inhibition of BR synthesis promotes GSK2 accumulation and suppresses TUD1 stability. By contrast, BRs can induce GSK2 degradation but promote TUD1 accumulation. Furthermore, the GSK2 degradation process is largely impaired in tud1 in response to BR. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the role of TUD1 in BR-induced GSK2 degradation, thereby advancing our understanding of a critical step in the BR signaling pathway of rice.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
TUD1 directly interacts with GSK2.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Gene
- TUD1e0
- Outcome
- interact with GSK2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TUD1 is able to directly interact with GSK2”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
TUD1 ubiquitinates GSK2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- TUD1e0
- Outcome
- ubiquitinate the proteine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TUD1 is able to directly interact with GSK2 and ubiquitinate the protein”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The tud1 mutant resembles plants with constitutively activated GSK2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- tud1 mutante0
- Outcome
- Phenotypese0
- Comparator
- plants with constitutively activated GSK2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phenotypes of the tud1 mutant are highly similar to those of plants with constitutively activated GSK2”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
GSK2 protein accumulates in the tud1 mutant relative to wild type.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- tud1 mutante0
- Gene
- GSK2 proteine0
- Outcome
- GSK2 protein accumulatese0
- Direction
- accumulatese0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GSK2 protein accumulates in the tud1 mutant compared with the wild type”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibition of BR synthesis promotes GSK2 accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- inhibition of BR synthesise0
- Outcome
- GSK2 accumulatione0
- Direction
- promotese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inhibition of BR synthesis promotes GSK2 accumulation”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibition of BR synthesis suppresses TUD1 stability.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- inhibition of BR synthesise0
- Outcome
- TUD1 stabilitye0
- Direction
- suppressese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inhibition of BR synthesis promotes GSK2 accumulation and suppresses TUD1 stability”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BRs induce GSK2 degradation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BRse0
- Outcome
- GSK2 degradatione0
- Direction
- inducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BRs can induce GSK2 degradation”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BRs promote TUD1 accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- BRse0
- Outcome
- TUD1 accumulatione0
- Direction
- promotee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BRs can induce GSK2 degradation but promote TUD1 accumulation”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
BR-induced GSK2 degradation is largely impaired in tud1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- tud1e0
- Treatment
- BRe0
- Outcome
- GSK2 degradation processe0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GSK2 degradation process is largely impaired in tud1 in response to BR”
t0“rice”
The same questions in other papers
brassinolide · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →class · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.