Abstract
To evaluate the applicability of desert dark septate endophytes (DSEs) in crop cultivation, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. (Aa), Paraphoma pye Moslemi & P.W.J. Taylor (Pp), and Paraphoma radicina (McAlpine) Morgan-Jones & J.F. White (Pr) were inoculated into nonhost wheat growing under three water conditions. The plants’ biomass, vegetative growth, and physiological parameters were investigated. At harvest, all DSE strains were effective colonizers under all treatments. These DSEs generally positively affected wheat growth but varied among different DSE species, and this promoting effect was more obvious under drought conditions. Under mild drought (MD) treatments, Aa and Pr increased the leaf number and plant height of hosts. Pr showed a significant beneficial influence on the wheat’s total biomass under all treatments, while Aa and Pp showed benefits only under the well-watered or MD treatment. The response mechanisms of DSE-inoculated wheat under stress may be due to the enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant system. Generally, Pr had a stronger beneficial effect. The improved growth and fitness of the inoculated hosts under drought stress may reduce their water supply requirements during seedling growth. We speculate that inoculating wheat with this strain could be a promising approach for water-saving cultivation in arid environments.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
All three dark septate endophytes colonized wheat under all water treatments.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Interactor
- DSEe0symbiont
- Outcome
- effective colonizerse0
- Qualifier
- under all treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At harvest, all DSE strains were effective colonizers under all treatments.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Dark septate endophytes generally promoted wheat growth, more clearly under drought.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- DSEse0
- Interactor
- DSEse0symbiont
- Outcome
- wheat growthe0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
- Qualifier
- more obvious under drought conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These DSEs generally positively affected wheat growth but varied among different DSE species, and this promoting effect was more obvious under drought conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternaria alternata increased wheat leaf number under mild drought.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Aae0
- Outcome
- leaf numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- mild drought (MD)e0
AaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under mild drought (MD) treatments, Aa and Pr increased the leaf number and plant height of hosts.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternaria alternata increased wheat height under mild drought.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Aae0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- mild drought (MD)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under mild drought (MD) treatments, Aa and Pr increased the leaf number and plant height of hosts.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraphoma radicina increased wheat leaf number under mild drought.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pre0
- Interactor
- Pre0symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf numbere0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- mild drought (MD)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under mild drought (MD) treatments, Aa and Pr increased the leaf number and plant height of hosts.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraphoma radicina increased wheat height under mild drought.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pre0
- Interactor
- Pre0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- mild drought (MD)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under mild drought (MD) treatments, Aa and Pr increased the leaf number and plant height of hosts.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraphoma radicina significantly benefited wheat total biomass under all water treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Pre0
- Interactor
- Pre0symbiont
- Outcome
- wheat’s total biomasse0
- Direction
- beneficiale0
- Qualifier
- under all treatmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pr showed a significant beneficial influence on the wheat’s total biomass under all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternaria alternata benefited wheat biomass only under well watered or mild drought conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Aae0
- Outcome
- total biomasse1
- Direction
- benefitse0
- Qualifier
- well-watered or MD treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aa and Pp showed benefits only under the well-watered or MD treatment.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
e1“wheat’s total biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraphoma pye benefited wheat biomass only under well watered or mild drought conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ppe0
- Interactor
- Ppe0symbiont
- Outcome
- total biomasse1
- Direction
- benefitse0
- Qualifier
- well-watered or MD treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aa and Pp showed benefits only under the well-watered or MD treatment.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
e1“wheat’s total biomass”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant activity may explain inoculated wheat responses to stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- DSE-inoculatede0
- Interactor
- DSEe0symbiont
- Outcome
- response mechanismse0
- Qualifier
- enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response mechanisms of DSE-inoculated wheat under stress may be due to the enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant system.”
Claim · model-written summary
Paraphoma radicina had the stronger beneficial effect overall.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Pre0symbiont
- Outcome
- stronger beneficial effecte0
- Direction
- strongere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Generally, Pr had a stronger beneficial effect.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest inoculated wheat might require less water during seedling growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- reduce their water supply requirements during seedling growthe0
- Qualifier
- improved growth and fitness of the inoculated hosts under drought stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The improved growth and fitness of the inoculated hosts under drought stress may reduce their water supply requirements during seedling growth.”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose inoculating wheat with Paraphoma radicina for water saving cultivation in arid environments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- inoculating wheat with this strain could be a promising approach for water-saving cultivation in arid environmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculating wheat with this strain could be a promising approach for water-saving cultivation in arid environments.”
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