Abstract
Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) are a type of endophytic fungi colonizing plant roots with a broad distribution, especially in extreme habitats such as deserts. Various studies have demonstrated that DSEs can enhance plant growth under stress conditions. In this study, wheat seedlings were inoculated with two desert-derived dark septate endophytes, Alternaria alstroemeriae (Aa), Paraphoma chrysanthemicola (Pc), or left uninoculated as control (CK), and exposed to either adequate watering (WW) or drought (DD) conditions. Six treatment groups, Aa_WW, Aa_DD, Pc_WW, Pc_DD, CK_WW and CK_DD, were established. The results suggested that inoculation with either Aa or Pc significantly promoted wheat performance under WW and DD conditions. Under two water conditions, inoculation with Aa and Pc significantly promoted the shoot and root growth of wheat. Notably, Aa exhibited a stronger promoting effect on root system under DD treatment, increasing total root length by 17.75%. Under DD treatment, inoculation with Pc significantly enhanced wheat photosynthesis, increasing photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and chlorophyll content by 30.00%, 33.33%, 47.22%, and 5.61%, respectively. Both DSE strains enhanced osmotic adjustment under drought stress. Aa increased soluble sugar, soluble protein and glutathione contents, while Pc elevated proline and glutathione levels, leading to significant reductions in malondialdehyde accumulation by 24.24% and 19.09%, respectively. In addition, both Aa and Pc significantly increased auxin content of wheat leaves. Consistent with the improved physiological and growth performance, transcriptomic analysis revealed that DSE inoculation induced differential expression of genes primarily enriched in pathways related to photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, signal transduction, antioxidants defense, collectively contributing to enhanced wheat drought tolerance. Consequently, these findings demonstrate the great potential of desert-derived DSE strains for improving wheat growth and drought resilience in arid and semi-arid agricultural ecosystems.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Aa inoculation promoted wheat shoot and root growth under both water conditions.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- inoculation with Aae0
- Outcome
- shoot and root growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Comparator
- uninoculated as control (CK)e1
AaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under two water conditions, inoculation with Aa and Pc significantly promoted the shoot and root growth of wheat.”
e1“wheat seedlings were inoculated with two desert-derived dark septate endophytes, Alternaria alstroemeriae (Aa), Paraphoma chrysanthemicola (Pc), or left uninoculated as control (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pc inoculation promoted wheat shoot and root growth under both water conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- inoculation with Aa and Pce0
- Interactor
- Pce0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot and root growthe0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under two water conditions, inoculation with Aa and Pc significantly promoted the shoot and root growth of wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, Aa increased total root length by 17.75%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Aae0
- Outcome
- total root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 17.75%e0
- Qualifier
- DD treatmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aa exhibited a stronger promoting effect on root system under DD treatment, increasing total root length by 17.75%.”
e1“wheat seedlings were inoculated with two desert-derived dark septate endophytes, Alternaria alstroemeriae (Aa), Paraphoma chrysanthemicola (Pc), or left uninoculated as control (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, Pc raised photosynthesis rate by 30.00%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- inoculation with Pce0
- Interactor
- Pce0symbiont
- Outcome
- photosynthesis ratee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 30.00%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under DD treatment, inoculation with Pc significantly enhanced wheat photosynthesis, increasing photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and chlorophyll content by 30.00%, 33.33%, 47.22%, and 5.61%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, Pc raised stomatal conductance by 33.33%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Pce1
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 33.33%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and chlorophyll content by 30.00%, 33.33%, 47.22%, and 5.61%, respectively.”
e1“wheat seedlings were inoculated with two desert-derived dark septate endophytes, Alternaria alstroemeriae (Aa), Paraphoma chrysanthemicola (Pc), or left uninoculated as control (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, Pc raised transpiration rate by 47.22%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Pce1
- Outcome
- transpiration ratee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 47.22%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and chlorophyll content by 30.00%, 33.33%, 47.22%, and 5.61%, respectively.”
e1“wheat seedlings were inoculated with two desert-derived dark septate endophytes, Alternaria alstroemeriae (Aa), Paraphoma chrysanthemicola (Pc), or left uninoculated as control (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Under drought, Pc raised chlorophyll content by 5.61%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Pce1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 5.61%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and chlorophyll content by 30.00%, 33.33%, 47.22%, and 5.61%, respectively.”
e1“wheat seedlings were inoculated with two desert-derived dark septate endophytes, Alternaria alstroemeriae (Aa), Paraphoma chrysanthemicola (Pc), or left uninoculated as control (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aa enhanced drought osmotic adjustment and increased soluble sugar, protein and glutathione.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Aae0
- Outcome
- soluble sugar, soluble protein and glutathione contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both DSE strains enhanced osmotic adjustment under drought stress. Aa increased soluble sugar, soluble protein and glutathione contents”
e1“wheat seedlings were inoculated with two desert-derived dark septate endophytes, Alternaria alstroemeriae (Aa), Paraphoma chrysanthemicola (Pc), or left uninoculated as control (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pc elevated proline and glutathione levels under drought.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Pce0
- Interactor
- Pce0symbiont
- Outcome
- proline and glutathione levelse0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pc elevated proline and glutathione levels”
e1“wheat seedlings were inoculated with two desert-derived dark septate endophytes, Alternaria alstroemeriae (Aa), Paraphoma chrysanthemicola (Pc), or left uninoculated as control (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aa reduced malondialdehyde accumulation by 24.24%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Aae1
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde accumulatione0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 24.24%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leading to significant reductions in malondialdehyde accumulation by 24.24% and 19.09%, respectively.”
e1“wheat seedlings were inoculated with two desert-derived dark septate endophytes, Alternaria alstroemeriae (Aa), Paraphoma chrysanthemicola (Pc), or left uninoculated as control (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pc reduced malondialdehyde accumulation by 19.09%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Pce1
- Interactor
- Pce1symbiont
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde accumulatione0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 19.09%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leading to significant reductions in malondialdehyde accumulation by 24.24% and 19.09%, respectively.”
e1“wheat seedlings were inoculated with two desert-derived dark septate endophytes, Alternaria alstroemeriae (Aa), Paraphoma chrysanthemicola (Pc), or left uninoculated as control (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aa increased wheat leaf auxin content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Aae0
- Outcome
- auxin contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both Aa and Pc significantly increased auxin content of wheat leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pc increased wheat leaf auxin content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Pce0
- Interactor
- Pce0symbiont
- Outcome
- auxin contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both Aa and Pc significantly increased auxin content of wheat leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
DSE inoculation induced differential expression of genes in photosynthesis, metabolism, signalling and antioxidant pathways.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- DSE inoculatione0
- Interactor
- DSEe0symbiont
- Outcome
- differential expression of genese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DSE inoculation induced differential expression of genes primarily enriched in pathways related to photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, signal transduction, antioxidants defense”
e1“wheat seedlings were inoculated with two desert-derived dark septate endophytes, Alternaria alstroemeriae (Aa), Paraphoma chrysanthemicola (Pc), or left uninoculated as control (CK)”
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See all 532 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.