Paper · 1975 · Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science

Effects of N and K Fertilization on Internal and External Fruit Quality of Three Major Florida Orange Cultivars1

R. L. Reese; R. C. J. Koo

13
claims
26
verbatim quotes
12
citations
3
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by-nc-nd

Abstract

Abstract This is a report of a 4 × 4 NK factorial experiment over a 6-year period using ‘Hamlin’, ‘Pineapple,’ and ‘Valencia’ orange trees [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] on rough lemon rootstock ( Citrus jambhiri Lush.) planted on Astatula f.s., formerly classified Lakeland f.s. Main effects of N and K were considered independently because interactions were not significant for most measurements. Increases in N rate increased the juice content and acid, whereas increases in K resulted in higher acid and lower soluble solids with an accompanying lower soluble solids/acid ratio. Smaller sized fruit, more green fruit, and a lower packout were a result of increased N rates. Increased K rates did not influence external characteristics of the fruit other than producing larger fruit. Rind blemishes occurred more often at the low N rate and diminished as the N rate increased. Incidence of decay in storage was greatest at the lowest N rate. Creasing was found to be significantly related to high N and low K rates.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 13

Observationobservedoriginal resultnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

N and K interactions were not significant for most measurements.

Taxon
orange treese1
Outcome
interactionse0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“interactions were not significant for most measurements”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 342–397 · show in text ↑
e1

“orange trees [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 126–169 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing N increased juice content and acid.

Taxon
orange treese1
Treatment
Increases in N ratee0
Outcome
juice content and acide0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Increases in N rate increased the juice content and acid”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 399–455 · show in text ↑
e1

“orange trees [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 126–169 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing K raised acid content.

Taxon
orange treese1
Treatment
increases in Ke0
Outcome
acide0
Direction
highere0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“increases in K resulted in higher acid and lower soluble solids with an accompanying lower soluble solids/acid ratio”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 465–581 · show in text ↑
e1

“orange trees [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 126–169 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing K lowered soluble solids.

Taxon
orange treese1
Treatment
increases in Ke0
Outcome
soluble solidse0
Direction
lowere0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“increases in K resulted in higher acid and lower soluble solids with an accompanying lower soluble solids/acid ratio”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 465–581 · show in text ↑
e1

“orange trees [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 126–169 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increasing K lowered the soluble solids to acid ratio.

Taxon
orange treese1
Treatment
increases in Ke0
Outcome
soluble solids/acid ratioe0
Direction
lowere0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“increases in K resulted in higher acid and lower soluble solids with an accompanying lower soluble solids/acid ratio”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 465–581 · show in text ↑
e1

“orange trees [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 126–169 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher N produced smaller fruit.

Taxon
orange treese1
Treatment
increased N ratese0
Outcome
sized fruite0
Direction
Smallere0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Smaller sized fruit, more green fruit, and a lower packout were a result of increased N rates”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 583–676 · show in text ↑
e1

“orange trees [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 126–169 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher N produced more green fruit.

Taxon
orange treese1
Treatment
increased N ratese0
Outcome
green fruite0
Direction
moree0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Smaller sized fruit, more green fruit, and a lower packout were a result of increased N rates”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 583–676 · show in text ↑
e1

“orange trees [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 126–169 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher N lowered packout.

Taxon
orange treese1
Treatment
increased N ratese0
Outcome
packoute0
Direction
lowere0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Smaller sized fruit, more green fruit, and a lower packout were a result of increased N rates”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 583–676 · show in text ↑
e1

“orange trees [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 126–169 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increased K produced larger fruit.

Taxon
orange treese1
Treatment
Increased K ratese0
Outcome
fruite0
Direction
largere0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Increased K rates did not influence external characteristics of the fruit other than producing larger fruit”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 678–785 · show in text ↑
e1

“orange trees [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 126–169 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Increased K did not influence other external fruit characteristics.

Taxon
orange treese1
Treatment
Increased K ratese0
Outcome
external characteristics of the fruite0
Direction
did not influencee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Increased K rates did not influence external characteristics of the fruit other than producing larger fruit”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 678–785 · show in text ↑
e1

“orange trees [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 126–169 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rind blemishes diminished as N rate increased.

Taxon
orange treese1
Treatment
N ratee0
Outcome
Rind blemishese0
Direction
diminishede0

Verbatim

e0

“Rind blemishes occurred more often at the low N rate and diminished as the N rate increased”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 787–878 · show in text ↑
e1

“orange trees [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 126–169 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Storage decay was greatest at the lowest N rate.

Taxon
orange treese1
Treatment
lowest N ratee0
Outcome
Incidence of decay in storagee0
Direction
greateste0

Verbatim

e0

“Incidence of decay in storage was greatest at the lowest N rate”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 880–943 · show in text ↑
e1

“orange trees [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 126–169 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Creasing was significantly related to high N and low K rates.

Taxon
orange treese1
Treatment
high N and low K ratese0
Outcome
Creasinge0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“Creasing was found to be significantly related to high N and low K rates”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 945–1017 · show in text ↑
e1

“orange trees [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 126–169 · show in text ↑

nitrogen · molecular: metabolites · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Positive and negative results

7 papers: 3 positive, 4 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. no effect

3 papers more in this group

See all 7 papers →

potassium · yield · Citrus sinensis (sweet orange)Positive and negative results

19 papers: 17 positive, 2 negative or no effect

16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
    Fertilizer without potassium gave intermediate fruit set, fruit number and yield.

    Effect of Balanced Fertilization and Fertilizer Levels on Navel Orange Yield and Fruit Quality · 2012 · compared with farmer treatment

    Opposite directionAbout lacking this nutrient, so it counts the other way round

  2. no effect
  3. positive

15 papers more in this group

See all 19 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.