Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during two successive seasons of 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 on navel orange mature trees at Metobas district, Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, Egypt, to assess effect of the balanced fertilization and fertilization levels on navel orange yield and fruit quality. Four fertilizer treatments of: 1- complete fertilizer (balanced), 2- fertilizer without Mg, 3- Fertilizer without micronutrients, and 4-fertilizer without K with three fertilizer levels L1, L2 and L3 were used compared to the farmer treatment. The obtained results can be summarized as follows: -The balanced fertilizer (complete) had the highest fruit set (7.8 and 8.1%), lowest pre-harvest fruit drop (7.9 and 7.8%), highest fruit number/tree (405.1 and 391.9), highest fruit yield/tree (86.0 and 93.1 kg/tree), highest SSC% (11.9 and 12.3%) and highest VC (58.2 and 58.4 mg/100 ml juice) in the first and second seasons, respectively. -Balanced fertilizer increased reducing sugar rates by 22.8 and 41.9%, non-reducing sugar by 44 and 16.7% and total sugars by 34.6 and 31.1% over the farmer treatment in the first and second seasons, respectively. -Balanced fertilizer increased the rates of chlorophyll A, B and total chlorophyll compared to the farmer treatment. The increase rates in total chlorophyll were 45.8 and 44.0% over the farmer treatment in the first and second seasons, respectively. -Farmer treatment had the lowest fruit set (5.4 and 5.7%), fruit yield (66.8 and 70.2 kg/tree), highest pre-harvest fruit drop (12.9 and 12.4%), lowest acidity values 0.92 and 0.91%, VC (52.3 and 52.7 mg/100 ml juice), reducing sugars (3.5 and 3.1%), non-reducing sugars (2.5 and 3.0%), total sugars (5.9 and 6.1%), chlorophyll A, B and total chlorophyll, in the first and second seasons, respectively. -Fertilizer without Mg, micronutrients and potassium gave a high values than the farmer treatment for each fruit set (%), fruit number/tree, fruit yield (kg/tree), acidity (%), VC, reducing, non-reducing, total sugars and total chlorophyll. That values were less than the complete fertilizer during the first and second seasons, respectively. -The increase value rates compared with the farmer treatment were (29.2 and 28.1%) & (36.5 and 28.1%) & (12.5 and 14.0%) in fruit set, (9.1 and 25.5%) & (19.1 and 15.9%) & (21.9 and 0.0%) in yield kg/tree, (6.5 and 6.5%) & (3.3 and 2.2%) & (2.2 and 2.2%) in acidity (2.9 and 3.2%) & (7.3 and 6.8%) & (7.5 and 5.1%) in VC, (2.9 and 12.9%) & (17.1 and 38.7%) & (5.7 and 16.1%) in reducing sugars, (10.2 and 3.3%) & (22.0- and 21.3%) & (17.8 and 9.8%) in total sugars, (39.5 and 28.6%) & (11.3 and 17.1%) & (38.8 and 37.2%) in total chlorophyll during the two seasons for the three treatments, respectively. -Farmer treatment showed the highest values for pre-harvest fruit drop (12.9 and 12.4%) and SSC% (11.9 and 11.4%) compared with the four treatments during the first and seconds seasons, respectively.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Complete fertilizer produced the highest fruit set in both seasons.
- Taxon
- Navel Orange
Citrus sinensist0 - Treatment
- balanced fertilizer (complete)e0
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 7.8 and 8.1%e0
- Comparator
- farmer treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Navel Orange”
e0“The balanced fertilizer (complete) had the highest fruit set (7.8 and 8.1%)”
e1“Balanced fertilizer increased reducing sugar rates by 22.8 and 41.9%, non-reducing sugar by 44 and 16.7% and total sugars by 34.6 and 31.1% over the farmer treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Complete fertilizer produced the lowest pre-harvest fruit drop in both seasons.
- Taxon
- Navel OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- balanced fertilizer (complete)e0
- Outcome
- pre-harvest fruit drope0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 7.9 and 7.8%e0
- Comparator
- farmer treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Navel Orange”
e0“The balanced fertilizer (complete) had the highest fruit set (7.8 and 8.1%), lowest pre-harvest fruit drop (7.9 and 7.8%)”
e1“Balanced fertilizer increased reducing sugar rates by 22.8 and 41.9%, non-reducing sugar by 44 and 16.7% and total sugars by 34.6 and 31.1% over the farmer treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Complete fertilizer produced the highest fruit number per tree.
- Taxon
- Navel OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- balanced fertilizer (complete)e0
- Outcome
- fruit number/treee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 405.1 and 391.9e0
- Comparator
- farmer treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Navel Orange”
e0“The balanced fertilizer (complete) had the highest fruit set (7.8 and 8.1%), lowest pre-harvest fruit drop (7.9 and 7.8%), highest fruit number/tree (405.1 and 391.9)”
e1“Balanced fertilizer increased reducing sugar rates by 22.8 and 41.9%, non-reducing sugar by 44 and 16.7% and total sugars by 34.6 and 31.1% over the farmer treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Complete fertilizer produced the highest fruit yield per tree.
- Taxon
- Navel OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- balanced fertilizer (complete)e0
- Outcome
- fruit yield/treee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 86.0 and 93.1 kg/treee0
- Comparator
- farmer treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Navel Orange”
e0“The balanced fertilizer (complete) had the highest fruit set (7.8 and 8.1%), lowest pre-harvest fruit drop (7.9 and 7.8%), highest fruit number/tree (405.1 and 391.9), highest fruit yield/tree (86.0 and 93.1 kg/tree)”
e1“Balanced fertilizer increased reducing sugar rates by 22.8 and 41.9%, non-reducing sugar by 44 and 16.7% and total sugars by 34.6 and 31.1% over the farmer treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Complete fertilizer produced the highest soluble solids percentage.
- Taxon
- Navel OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- balanced fertilizer (complete)e0
- Outcome
- SSC%e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 11.9 and 12.3%e0
- Comparator
- farmer treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Navel Orange”
e0“The balanced fertilizer (complete) had the highest fruit set (7.8 and 8.1%), lowest pre-harvest fruit drop (7.9 and 7.8%), highest fruit number/tree (405.1 and 391.9), highest fruit yield/tree (86.0 and 93.1 kg/tree), highest SSC% (11.9 and 12.3%)”
e1“Balanced fertilizer increased reducing sugar rates by 22.8 and 41.9%, non-reducing sugar by 44 and 16.7% and total sugars by 34.6 and 31.1% over the farmer treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Complete fertilizer produced the highest vitamin C content.
- Taxon
- Navel OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- balanced fertilizer (complete)e0
- Outcome
- VCe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 58.2 and 58.4 mg/100 ml juicee0
- Comparator
- farmer treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Navel Orange”
e0“The balanced fertilizer (complete) had the highest fruit set (7.8 and 8.1%), lowest pre-harvest fruit drop (7.9 and 7.8%), highest fruit number/tree (405.1 and 391.9), highest fruit yield/tree (86.0 and 93.1 kg/tree), highest SSC% (11.9 and 12.3%) and highest VC (58.2 and 58.4 mg/100 ml juice)”
e1“Balanced fertilizer increased reducing sugar rates by 22.8 and 41.9%, non-reducing sugar by 44 and 16.7% and total sugars by 34.6 and 31.1% over the farmer treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Complete fertilizer increased reducing sugar relative to farmer treatment.
- Taxon
- Navel OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- Balanced fertilizere0
- Outcome
- reducing sugare0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22.8 and 41.9%e0
- Comparator
- farmer treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Navel Orange”
e0“Balanced fertilizer increased reducing sugar rates by 22.8 and 41.9%, non-reducing sugar by 44 and 16.7% and total sugars by 34.6 and 31.1% over the farmer treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Complete fertilizer increased non-reducing sugar relative to farmer treatment.
- Taxon
- Navel OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- Balanced fertilizere0
- Outcome
- non-reducing sugare0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 44 and 16.7%e0
- Comparator
- farmer treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Navel Orange”
e0“Balanced fertilizer increased reducing sugar rates by 22.8 and 41.9%, non-reducing sugar by 44 and 16.7% and total sugars by 34.6 and 31.1% over the farmer treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Complete fertilizer increased total sugars relative to farmer treatment.
- Taxon
- Navel OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- Balanced fertilizere0
- Outcome
- total sugarse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 34.6 and 31.1%e0
- Comparator
- farmer treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Navel Orange”
e0“Balanced fertilizer increased reducing sugar rates by 22.8 and 41.9%, non-reducing sugar by 44 and 16.7% and total sugars by 34.6 and 31.1% over the farmer treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Complete fertilizer increased chlorophyll A and B relative to farmer treatment.
- Taxon
- Navel OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- Balanced fertilizere0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll A, Be0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- farmer treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Navel Orange”
e0“Balanced fertilizer increased the rates of chlorophyll A, B and total chlorophyll compared to the farmer treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Complete fertilizer increased total chlorophyll by 45.8% and 44.0% relative to farmer treatment.
- Taxon
- Navel OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- Balanced fertilizere0
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 45.8 and 44.0%e0
- Comparator
- farmer treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Navel Orange”
e0“Balanced fertilizer increased the rates of chlorophyll A, B and total chlorophyll compared to the farmer treatment. The increase rates in total chlorophyll were 45.8 and 44.0% over the farmer treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The farmer treatment gave the lowest acidity values.
- Taxon
- Navel OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- Farmer treatmente0
- Outcome
- aciditye0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 0.92 and 0.91%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Navel Orange”
e0“Farmer treatment had the lowest fruit set (5.4 and 5.7%), fruit yield (66.8 and 70.2 kg/tree), highest pre-harvest fruit drop (12.9 and 12.4%), lowest acidity values 0.92 and 0.91%”
Claim · model-written summary
The farmer treatment gave the highest soluble solids compared with four fertilizer treatments.
- Taxon
- Navel OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- Farmer treatmente0
- Outcome
- SSC%e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 11.9 and 11.4%e0
- Comparator
- the four treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Navel Orange”
e0“Farmer treatment showed the highest values for pre-harvest fruit drop (12.9 and 12.4%) and SSC% (11.9 and 11.4%) compared with the four treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer without Mg yielded higher fruit set, fruit number, yield, acidity, vitamin C, sugars and chlorophyll than farmer treatment but less than complete fertilizer.
- Taxon
- Navel OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer without Mge0
- Outcome
- fruit set (%), fruit number/tree, fruit yield (kg/tree)e0
- Direction
- high valuese0
- Comparator
- farmer treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Navel Orange”
e0“Fertilizer without Mg, micronutrients and potassium gave a high values than the farmer treatment for each fruit set (%), fruit number/tree, fruit yield (kg/tree), acidity (%), VC, reducing, non-reducing, total sugars and total chlorophyll. That values were less than the complete fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer without micronutrients gave intermediate fruit set, fruit number and yield.
- Taxon
- Navel OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- Fertilizer without Mg, micronutrientse0
- Outcome
- fruit set (%), fruit number/tree, fruit yield (kg/tree)e0
- Direction
- high valuese0
- Comparator
- farmer treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Navel Orange”
e0“Fertilizer without Mg, micronutrients and potassium gave a high values than the farmer treatment for each fruit set (%), fruit number/tree, fruit yield (kg/tree), acidity (%), VC, reducing, non-reducing, total sugars and total chlorophyll. That values were less than the complete fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer without potassium gave intermediate fruit set, fruit number and yield.
- Taxon
- Navel OrangeCitrus sinensist0
- Treatment
- potassiume0
- Outcome
- fruit set (%), fruit number/tree, fruit yield (kg/tree)e0
- Direction
- high valuese0
- Comparator
- farmer treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Navel Orange”
e0“Fertilizer without Mg, micronutrients and potassium gave a high values than the farmer treatment for each fruit set (%), fruit number/tree, fruit yield (kg/tree), acidity (%), VC, reducing, non-reducing, total sugars and total chlorophyll. That values were less than the complete fertilizer”
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