Abstract
Organic wheat yield is limited by climatic and agronomic factors including nutrient deficiency, weed competition and no suitable cultivars. The effects of organic manures and non-chemical weed management on grain yield of wheat investigated during the 2006-07, 2007-08 and 2008-09 seasons, in Erzurum (Turkey) rain-fed conditions. The experiment contained three experimental factors in a factorial design: (1) cultivar (Doğu 88, Kırik), (2) weed control (unweeded, hand weeding, high seeding rate) and (3) manure (unfertilized, mineral NP, Bio, Bio SR, Leonardit, Organic Manure, cattle manure). The modern cultivar Doğu 88 had significantly higher leaf area index, grain filling period, spikes per m2, kernels per spike, grain yield and harvest index than the local cultivar Kırik. The hand weeding and high seeding rate increased grain yield by 7.0-11.3 and 7.2-8.9% compared to the unweeded treatment. Application of mineral NP resulted in the highest yield components and grain yield. Among the organic manures, cattle manure application resulted in higher grain yields followed by Organic Manure. Cattle manure and Organic Manure increased grain yield of wheat by 21.5-33.7% and 20.4-31.5%, respectively, compared to unfertilized treatment. Improved performance in response to treatments was generally associated with spikes per m2. Doğu 88 should be preferred to local cultivar Kırik. High seeding rate appear to be a useful method to provide the wheat a competitive advantage against weeds. Cattle manure can be used for improvement of grain yield of wheat and for adequate soil fertility under rain-fed conditions.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Doğu 88 had higher leaf area index and grain filling period than Kırik.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- Doğu 88e0
- Outcome
- leaf area index, grain filling periode0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Kırike0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“The modern cultivar Doğu 88 had significantly higher leaf area index, grain filling period, spikes per m2, kernels per spike, grain yield and harvest index than the local cultivar Kırik”
Claim · model-written summary
Doğu 88 had higher spikes per square metre, kernels per spike and grain yield than Kırik.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Doğu 88e0
- Outcome
- spikes per m2, kernels per spike, grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Kırike0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“The modern cultivar Doğu 88 had significantly higher leaf area index, grain filling period, spikes per m2, kernels per spike, grain yield and harvest index than the local cultivar Kırik”
Claim · model-written summary
Doğu 88 had higher harvest index than Kırik.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Doğu 88e0
- Outcome
- harvest indexe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Kırike0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“The modern cultivar Doğu 88 had significantly higher leaf area index, grain filling period, spikes per m2, kernels per spike, grain yield and harvest index than the local cultivar Kırik”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding increased grain yield by 7.0-11.3% versus no weeding.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- hand weedinge0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.0-11.3e0
- Comparator
- unweeded treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“The hand weeding and high seeding rate increased grain yield by 7.0-11.3 and 7.2-8.9% compared to the unweeded treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
High seeding rate increased grain yield by 7.2-8.9% versus no weeding.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high seeding ratee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.2-8.9%e0
- Comparator
- unweeded treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“The hand weeding and high seeding rate increased grain yield by 7.0-11.3 and 7.2-8.9% compared to the unweeded treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral NP produced the highest yield components and grain yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- mineral NPe0
- Outcome
- yield components and grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“Application of mineral NP resulted in the highest yield components and grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Cattle manure gave higher grain yield than the other organic manures.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cattle manuree0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Organic Manuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“Among the organic manures, cattle manure application resulted in higher grain yields followed by Organic Manure”
Claim · model-written summary
Cattle manure raised grain yield by 21.5-33.7% against unfertilized wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Cattle manuree0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21.5-33.7%e0
- Comparator
- unfertilized treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cattle manure and Organic Manure increased grain yield of wheat by 21.5-33.7% and 20.4-31.5%, respectively, compared to unfertilized treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic Manure raised grain yield by 20.4-31.5% against unfertilized wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Organic Manuree0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.4-31.5%e0
- Comparator
- unfertilized treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cattle manure and Organic Manure increased grain yield of wheat by 21.5-33.7% and 20.4-31.5%, respectively, compared to unfertilized treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment performance was generally associated with spikes per square metre.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- treatmentse0
- Outcome
- spikes per m2e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“Improved performance in response to treatments was generally associated with spikes per m2”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend Doğu 88 over Kırik.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Doğu 88e0
- Outcome
- should be preferrede0
- Comparator
- Kırike0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Wheat”
e0“Doğu 88 should be preferred to local cultivar Kırik”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend a high seeding rate to help wheat compete with weeds.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- High seeding ratee0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- competitive advantage against weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High seeding rate appear to be a useful method to provide the wheat a competitive advantage against weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend cattle manure for wheat grain yield and soil fertility under rain-fed conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Cattle manuree0
- Outcome
- improvement of grain yielde0
- Qualifier
- rain-fed conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cattle manure can be used for improvement of grain yield of wheat and for adequate soil fertility under rain-fed conditions”
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