Abstract
The application of flumioxazin and imazethapyr can affect the interactions between rhizobia and soybean in the rhizosphere. However, it remains unclear the effect of both herbicides, even when applied in mixture, on early nodulation and biological N fixation (BNF) in soybean, mainly related to some important biochemical traits in nodules. This study assessed the effect of flumioxazin, imazethapyr and their mixture on early nodulation and BNF in rhizosphere of soybean. The plant emergence, early nodulation, growth, and N accumulation were evaluated in soybean grown in sandy and clayey soils. The leghemoglobin content and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity were also assessed in fresh nodules. Individually, flumioxazin and imazethapyr did not affect the plant emergence, nodulation and N accumulation in soybean, while the mixture decreased significantly these parameters. Also, the values of leghemoglobin content and GS activity did not decrease with the application of the herbicides individually. The application of herbicides imazethapyr and flumioxazin separately negatively influenced the growth of soybean, while they do not influence the nodulation and N accumulation. However, the use of these herbicides in mixture can negatively influence the early nodulation and N fixation by native rhizobia.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin alone did not affect soybean emergence, nodulation or nitrogen accumulation.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- flumioxazine0
- Outcome
- plant emergence, nodulation and N accumulatione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Individually, flumioxazin and imazethapyr did not affect the plant emergence, nodulation and N accumulation in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr alone did not affect soybean emergence, nodulation or nitrogen accumulation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- imazethapyre0
- Outcome
- plant emergence, nodulation and N accumulatione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Individually, flumioxazin and imazethapyr did not affect the plant emergence, nodulation and N accumulation in soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The herbicide mixture significantly decreased soybean emergence, nodulation and nitrogen accumulation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- the mixturee0
- Outcome
- plant emergence, nodulation and N accumulatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Individually, flumioxazin and imazethapyr did not affect the plant emergence, nodulation and N accumulation in soybean, while the mixture decreased significantly these parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides applied individually did not reduce nodule leghemoglobin content or glutamine synthetase activity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- the herbicides individuallye0
- Outcome
- leghemoglobin content and GS activitye0
- Direction
- did not decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the values of leghemoglobin content and GS activity did not decrease with the application of the herbicides individually”
e1“N accumulation were evaluated in soybean grown in sandy and clayey soils”
e2“The leghemoglobin content and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity were also assessed in fresh nodules”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr alone negatively influenced soybean growth.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- imazethapyre0
- Outcome
- growth of soybeane0
- Direction
- negatively influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of herbicides imazethapyr and flumioxazin separately negatively influenced the growth of soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Flumioxazin alone negatively influenced soybean growth.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- flumioxazine0
- Outcome
- growth of soybeane0
- Direction
- negatively influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of herbicides imazethapyr and flumioxazin separately negatively influenced the growth of soybean”
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