Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GST) are a large family of polymorphous proteins that play important roles in herbicide detoxification and stress response. Nicosulfuron is the most broadly used herbicide in maize fields, and it can cause different injuries to maize varieties, but little is studied about the systemic and comprehensive GST gene family responding to nicosulfuron stress in maize. In this research, pre-treatment with glutathione S-transferase inhibitor 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD-Cl) increased nicosulfuron phytotoxicity to both sensitive and tolerant maize genotypes. A total of 55 ZmGST genes belonging to six major sub-classes were identified in the maize genome and named according to the nomenclature system. Based on phylogenetic analyses, highly conserved gene structure and motif distribution were detected in the same class. Chromosome mapping results showed that ZmGST genes were distributed over the 10 chromosomes unevenly. There were thirteen and eight gene pairs identified as tandem and segmental duplication events, respectively, which played important roles in the expansion of the GST gene family in maize. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses showed that there were great dissimilarities in ZmGST gene expression patterns between the tolerant and sensitive maize plants. More highly expressed ZmGST genes were found in the tolerant than in the sensitive without nicosulfuron stress. However, under 60 g a.i. ha−1 nicosulfuron stress, more ZmGST genes were significantly upregulated in HB41 than in HB09. This study provided experimental evidence showing that glutathione S-transferases were involved in nicosulfuron stress in maize. It will contribute to the further functional analysis of the GST gene family in maize.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
NBD-Cl pre-treatment increased nicosulfuron phytotoxicity in both sensitive and tolerant maize genotypes
- Material
- sensitive and tolerant maize genotypese0
- Treatment
- pre-treatment with glutathione S-transferase inhibitor 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD-Cl)e0
- Outcome
- nicosulfuron phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pre-treatment with glutathione S-transferase inhibitor 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD-Cl) increased nicosulfuron phytotoxicity to both sensitive and tolerant maize genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
A total of 55 ZmGST genes in six major sub-classes were identified in the maize genome
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A total of 55 ZmGST genes belonging to six major sub-classes were identified in the maize genome”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmGST genes are distributed unevenly over the 10 maize chromosomes
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A total of 55 ZmGST genes belonging to six major sub-classes were identified in the maize genome”
e2“Chromosome mapping results showed that ZmGST genes were distributed over the 10 chromosomes unevenly”
Claim · model-written summary
Thirteen tandem duplication gene pairs were identified in the maize GST family
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“There were thirteen and eight gene pairs identified as tandem and segmental duplication events, respectively, which played important roles in the expansion of the GST gene family in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight segmental duplication gene pairs were identified in the maize GST family
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“There were thirteen and eight gene pairs identified as tandem and segmental duplication events, respectively, which played important roles in the expansion of the GST gene family in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmGST expression patterns differ greatly between tolerant and sensitive maize plants
- Material
- tolerant and sensitive maize plantse4
- Outcome
- ZmGST gene expression patternse4
- Qualifier
- great dissimilaritiese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses showed that there were great dissimilarities in ZmGST gene expression patterns between the tolerant and sensitive maize plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Without nicosulfuron stress, more ZmGST genes are highly expressed in the tolerant than in the sensitive maize
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A total of 55 ZmGST genes belonging to six major sub-classes were identified in the maize genome”
e5“More highly expressed ZmGST genes were found in the tolerant than in the sensitive without nicosulfuron stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Under 60 g a.i. ha−1 nicosulfuron, more ZmGST genes were significantly upregulated in HB41 than in HB09
- Material
- HB41e6
- Treatment
- 60 g a.i. ha−1 nicosulfuron stresse6
- Outcome
- ZmGST genes were significantly upregulatede6
- Direction
- moree6
- Comparator
- HB09e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A total of 55 ZmGST genes belonging to six major sub-classes were identified in the maize genome”
e6“under 60 g a.i. ha−1 nicosulfuron stress, more ZmGST genes were significantly upregulated in HB41 than in HB09”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutathione S-transferases are involved in nicosulfuron stress in maize
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“This study provided experimental evidence showing that glutathione S-transferases were involved in nicosulfuron stress in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Gene structure and motif distribution are highly conserved within the same ZmGST class
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A total of 55 ZmGST genes belonging to six major sub-classes were identified in the maize genome”
e7“Based on phylogenetic analyses, highly conserved gene structure and motif distribution were detected in the same class”
The same questions in other papers
nicosulfuron · molecular: expression · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.