Abstract
Due to climate change, global warming, and reduced radiation, there is an urgent need for research to explore the effects on wheat grain filling and protein-related quality. In this study, two spring and two semi-winter varieties were analyzed. Six sowing dates were set in the experiment, at 10-day intervals from the beginning of the local sowing window. The seedling population of the first sowing date (S1) was 300 × 104 plants ha−1, which was observed to have increased by about 10% by the subsequent sowing date. During the experiment, due to the different dates of sowing, the treatments were in different growth stages; so, all the treatments were grown under different day and night temperatures and radiation to study the effects on post-anthesis grain filling and protein quality. The results showed that the sowing date decreased the effective accumulated temperature (EAT) and the cumulative radiation after anthesis and increased the daily average, maximum, and minimum temperatures. The decrease in the EAT of 94.99 °C d and the increase in the daily average temperature of 1.59 °C after antrum resulted in a decrease in the wheat grain weight of 4.5 g and an increase in the grain filling rate of 0.029 mg d−1. This may be due to the shortening of the wheat filling time with the increase in the day/night temperatures. Compared with the normal sowing date, the later sowing date caused a decrease in the EAT and an increase in the Tmean, which led to an increase in the wheat protein content, wet gluten content, and sedimentation value. There was a positive correlation between the grain filling rate and the protein content in the wheat. Compared with radiation, temperature significantly regulates wheat grain filling and protein formation. These results can be used to guide the sowing date to obtain a higher quality of wheat protein in the future climate change.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Later sowing decreased the effective accumulated temperature after anthesis by 94.99 °C d compared with normal sowing.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume7 - Treatment
- later sowing datee1
- Outcome
- EATe1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 94.99 °C de2
- Comparator
- normal sowing datee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“explore the effects on wheat grain filling and protein-related quality”
e1“Compared with the normal sowing date, the later sowing date caused a decrease in the EAT and an increase in the Tmean”
e2“The decrease in the EAT of 94.99 °C d and the increase in the daily average temperature of 1.59 °C after antrum resulted in a decrease in the wheat grain weight of 4.5 g”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing date decreased the cumulative radiation after anthesis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- sowing datee0
- Outcome
- cumulative radiation after anthesise0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“explore the effects on wheat grain filling and protein-related quality”
e0“the sowing date decreased the effective accumulated temperature (EAT) and the cumulative radiation after anthesis and increased the daily average, maximum, and minimum temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing date increased the daily average, maximum and minimum temperatures.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- sowing datee0
- Outcome
- daily average, maximum, and minimum temperaturese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“explore the effects on wheat grain filling and protein-related quality”
e0“the sowing date decreased the effective accumulated temperature (EAT) and the cumulative radiation after anthesis and increased the daily average, maximum, and minimum temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1.59 °C rise in daily average temperature after anthesis, with lower EAT, decreased wheat grain weight by 4.5 g.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- the increase in the daily average temperature of 1.59 °C after antrume2
- Outcome
- wheat grain weighte2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Value
- 4.5 ge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“explore the effects on wheat grain filling and protein-related quality”
e2“The decrease in the EAT of 94.99 °C d and the increase in the daily average temperature of 1.59 °C after antrum resulted in a decrease in the wheat grain weight of 4.5 g”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain filling rate increased by 0.029 mg d−1 with the decrease in EAT.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Treatment
- the decrease in the EAT of 94.99 °C de2
- Outcome
- grain filling ratee3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- 0.029 mg d−1e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“explore the effects on wheat grain filling and protein-related quality”
e2“The decrease in the EAT of 94.99 °C d and the increase in the daily average temperature of 1.59 °C after antrum resulted in a decrease in the wheat grain weight of 4.5 g”
e3“an increase in the grain filling rate of 0.029 mg d−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain filling rate and protein content of wheat were positively correlated.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Organ / stage
- graine4
- Outcome
- correlation between the grain filling rate and the protein contente4
- Direction
- positivee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“explore the effects on wheat grain filling and protein-related quality”
e4“There was a positive correlation between the grain filling rate and the protein content in the wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Later sowing increased wheat protein content, wet gluten content and sedimentation value compared with normal sowing.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- later sowing datee1
- Outcome
- wheat protein content, wet gluten content, and sedimentation valuee5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Comparator
- normal sowing datee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared with the normal sowing date, the later sowing date caused a decrease in the EAT and an increase in the Tmean”
e5“which led to an increase in the wheat protein content, wet gluten content, and sedimentation value”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature significantly regulates wheat grain filling and protein formation, more than radiation does.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- temperaturee6
- Outcome
- grain filling and protein formatione6
- Direction
- regulatese6
- Comparator
- radiatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Compared with radiation, temperature significantly regulates wheat grain filling and protein formation”
Claim · model-written summary
The sowing date can be used to guide wheat protein quality under future climate change.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume7
- Outcome
- sowing date to obtain a higher quality of wheat proteine7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“These results can be used to guide the sowing date to obtain a higher quality of wheat protein in the future climate change”
The same questions in other papers
sowing time · quality: protein · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
39 papers more in this group
See all 43 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.