Abstract
ABSTRACT Adequate mineral supplementation can be a strategy to enable the use of brackish water in the production of vegetables. This study intended to evaluate the effect of calcium nitrate concentrations on leaf gas exchanges and yield of kale (Brassica oleracea L) fertigated with salinized nutrient solutions. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block experimental design (4 + 1), with four replicates. Four nutrient solutions prepared in brackish water (6.0 dS m-1) containing four concentrations of Ca(NO3)2 [(750, 1,125, 1,500, and 1,875 mg L-1)] and a control treatment (standard nutrient solution using low-salinity water, 0.5 dS m-1 (750 mg L-1 of Ca(NO3)2) were used in the study. The following analyses were performed: leaf gas exchanges, leaf area, and fresh matter yield. The standard nutrient solution promoted higher values for photosynthetic rate (13.06 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1), stomatal conductance (0.19 mol H2O m-2 s-1), transpiration (2.76 mmol H2O m-2 s-1), instantaneous water use efficiency (4.73 mmol CO2 mol-1 H2O), instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (0.053 mmol CO2 mol-1 CO2), leaf area (2.78 cm2 per plant), and leaf fresh matter yield (2.64 kg per plant). The Ca(NO3)2 not nullified but mitigated the deleterious effect of salt stress on leaf gas exchanges, except for kale yield (leaf fresh matter).
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Standard nutrient solution gave the highest photosynthetic rate in kale.
- Taxon
- kale
Brassica oleracea var. viridist0 - Treatment
- standard nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 13.06 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1e0
- Comparator
- Four nutrient solutions prepared in brackish watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The standard nutrient solution promoted higher values for photosynthetic rate (13.06 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1)”
e1“Four nutrient solutions prepared in brackish water (6.0 dS m-1)”
e2“a control treatment (standard nutrient solution using low-salinity water, 0.5 dS m-1 (750 mg L-1 of Ca(NO3)2)”
t0“kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Standard nutrient solution gave higher stomatal conductance in kale.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- standard nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.19 mol H2O m-2 s-1e0
- Comparator
- Four nutrient solutions prepared in brackish watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The standard nutrient solution promoted higher values for photosynthetic rate (13.06 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1), stomatal conductance (0.19 mol H2O m-2 s-1)”
e1“Four nutrient solutions prepared in brackish water”
t0“kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Standard nutrient solution gave higher transpiration in kale.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- standard nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- transpiratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.76 mmol H2O m-2 s-1e0
- Comparator
- Four nutrient solutions prepared in brackish watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The standard nutrient solution promoted higher values for photosynthetic rate (13.06 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1), stomatal conductance (0.19 mol H2O m-2 s-1), transpiration (2.76 mmol H2O m-2 s-1)”
e1“Four nutrient solutions prepared in brackish water”
t0“kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Standard nutrient solution gave higher instantaneous water use efficiency in kale.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- standard nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- instantaneous water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4.73 mmol CO2 mol-1 H2Oe0
- Comparator
- Four nutrient solutions prepared in brackish watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The standard nutrient solution promoted higher values for photosynthetic rate (13.06 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1), stomatal conductance (0.19 mol H2O m-2 s-1), transpiration (2.76 mmol H2O m-2 s-1), instantaneous water use efficiency (4.73 mmol CO2 mol-1 H2O)”
e1“Four nutrient solutions prepared in brackish water”
t0“kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Standard nutrient solution gave higher instantaneous carboxylation efficiency in kale.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- standard nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- instantaneous carboxylation efficiencye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.053 mmol CO2 mol-1 CO2e0
- Comparator
- Four nutrient solutions prepared in brackish watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The standard nutrient solution promoted higher values for photosynthetic rate (13.06 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1), stomatal conductance (0.19 mol H2O m-2 s-1), transpiration (2.76 mmol H2O m-2 s-1), instantaneous water use efficiency (4.73 mmol CO2 mol-1 H2O), instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (0.053 mmol CO2 mol-1 CO2)”
e1“Four nutrient solutions prepared in brackish water”
t0“kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Standard nutrient solution gave higher kale leaf area.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- standard nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.78 cm2 per plante0
- Comparator
- Four nutrient solutions prepared in brackish watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The standard nutrient solution promoted higher values for photosynthetic rate (13.06 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1), stomatal conductance (0.19 mol H2O m-2 s-1), transpiration (2.76 mmol H2O m-2 s-1), instantaneous water use efficiency (4.73 mmol CO2 mol-1 H2O), instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (0.053 mmol CO2 mol-1 CO2), leaf area (2.78 cm2 per plant)”
e1“Four nutrient solutions prepared in brackish water”
t0“kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Standard nutrient solution gave higher kale leaf fresh matter yield.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- standard nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- leaf fresh matter yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.64 kg per plante0
- Comparator
- Four nutrient solutions prepared in brackish watere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The standard nutrient solution promoted higher values for photosynthetic rate (13.06 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1), stomatal conductance (0.19 mol H2O m-2 s-1), transpiration (2.76 mmol H2O m-2 s-1), instantaneous water use efficiency (4.73 mmol CO2 mol-1 H2O), instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (0.053 mmol CO2 mol-1 CO2), leaf area (2.78 cm2 per plant), and leaf fresh matter yield (2.64 kg per plant)”
e1“Four nutrient solutions prepared in brackish water”
t0“kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate mitigated salt stress effects on kale leaf gas exchange.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridist0
- Treatment
- Ca(NO3)2e0
- Outcome
- leaf gas exchangese0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
- Qualifier
- not nullifiede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Ca(NO3)2 not nullified but mitigated the deleterious effect of salt stress on leaf gas exchanges, except for kale yield (leaf fresh matter)”
t0“kale”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium nitrate did not mitigate the salt effect on kale leaf fresh matter yield.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- Ca(NO3)2e0
- Outcome
- kale yield (leaf fresh matter)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Ca(NO3)2 not nullified but mitigated the deleterious effect of salt stress on leaf gas exchanges, except for kale yield (leaf fresh matter)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.