Abstract
Barnyardgrass (a monocotyledon) and yerbadetajo (a dicotyledon) are the most troublesome weeds in rice fields in China. The synthetic auxin herbicide florpyrauxifen-benzyl can effectively control both weeds. The objective of this research was to clarify modes of action of florpyrauxifen-benzyl in barnyardgrass and yerbadetajo. Our results showed that yerbadetajo was more sensitive to florpyrauxifen-benzyl than barnyardgrass: the 50% growth rate inhibition in barnyardgrass and yerbadetajo was 4.14 and 0.38 g a.i. ha−1, respectively. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl induced the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and abscisic acid (ABA) in yerbadetajo within 24 h, while in barnyardgrass, the highest production occurred at 12 h and decreased at 24 h. ACC and ABA levels in yerbadetajo at 24 h of treatment were significantly higher than those in barnyardgrass at any time. There were less differentially expressed genes related to ethylene and ABA synthesis in barnyardgrass than in yerbadetajo. There were five genes induced to increase by florpyrauxifen-benzyl in barnyardgrass and eleven genes in yerbadetajo. More ACC oxidase genes (ACO) were induced in barnyardgrass and more ACC synthesis genes (ACS) in yerbadetajo, especially three ACS3 (>30 fold). We speculated that differences in gene expression caused differences in ethylene and ABA production, leading to differences in phytotoxicity.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Yerbadetajo was more sensitive to florpyrauxifen-benzyl than barnyardgrass.
Verbatim
e0“yerbadetajo was more sensitive to florpyrauxifen-benzyl than barnyardgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50% growth rate inhibition for barnyardgrass was 4.14 g a.i. ha-1 of florpyrauxifen-benzyl.
- Taxon
- barnyardgrass
Echinochloa crus-gallie0 - Outcome
- 50% growth rate inhibitione0
- Value
- 4.14e0
- Qualifier
- g a.i. ha−1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 50% growth rate inhibition in barnyardgrass and yerbadetajo was 4.14 and 0.38 g a.i. ha−1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50% growth rate inhibition for yerbadetajo was 0.38 g a.i. ha-1 of florpyrauxifen-benzyl.
Verbatim
e0“the 50% growth rate inhibition in barnyardgrass and yerbadetajo was 4.14 and 0.38 g a.i. ha−1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Florpyrauxifen-benzyl induced ACC and abscisic acid in yerbadetajo within 24 h.
- Taxon
- yerbadetajoe0
- Treatment
- Florpyrauxifen-benzyle0
- Outcome
- ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and abscisic acid (ABA)e0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Qualifier
- within 24 he0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Florpyrauxifen-benzyl induced the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and abscisic acid (ABA) in yerbadetajo within 24 h”
Claim · model-written summary
In barnyardgrass, ACC and ABA production peaked at 12 h and decreased at 24 h.
- Taxon
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie0
- Outcome
- highest production occurred at 12 h and decreased at 24 he0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while in barnyardgrass, the highest production occurred at 12 h and decreased at 24 h”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC and ABA levels in yerbadetajo at 24 h of treatment were significantly higher than in barnyardgrass at any time.
Verbatim
e0“ACC and ABA levels in yerbadetajo at 24 h of treatment were significantly higher than those in barnyardgrass at any time”
Claim · model-written summary
Barnyardgrass had fewer differentially expressed genes related to ethylene and ABA synthesis than yerbadetajo.
- Taxon
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie0
- Outcome
- differentially expressed genes related to ethylene and ABA synthesise0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- yerbadetajoe0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were less differentially expressed genes related to ethylene and ABA synthesis in barnyardgrass than in yerbadetajo”
Claim · model-written summary
Five genes were induced to increase by florpyrauxifen-benzyl in barnyardgrass.
- Taxon
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie0
- Treatment
- florpyrauxifen-benzyle0
- Outcome
- genes induced to increasee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- fivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were five genes induced to increase by florpyrauxifen-benzyl in barnyardgrass and eleven genes in yerbadetajo”
Claim · model-written summary
Eleven genes were induced to increase by florpyrauxifen-benzyl in yerbadetajo.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“There were five genes induced to increase by florpyrauxifen-benzyl in barnyardgrass and eleven genes in yerbadetajo”
Claim · model-written summary
More ACC oxidase genes (ACO) were induced in barnyardgrass.
- Taxon
- barnyardgrassEchinochloa crus-gallie0
- Gene
- ACC oxidase genes (ACO)e0
- Outcome
- More ACC oxidase genes (ACO) were inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More ACC oxidase genes (ACO) were induced in barnyardgrass and more ACC synthesis genes (ACS) in yerbadetajo, especially three ACS3 (>30 fold)”
Claim · model-written summary
More ACC synthesis genes (ACS) were induced in yerbadetajo.
Verbatim
e0“More ACC oxidase genes (ACO) were induced in barnyardgrass and more ACC synthesis genes (ACS) in yerbadetajo, especially three ACS3 (>30 fold)”
Claim · model-written summary
Three ACS3 genes were induced more than 30-fold in yerbadetajo.
Verbatim
e0“More ACC oxidase genes (ACO) were induced in barnyardgrass and more ACC synthesis genes (ACS) in yerbadetajo, especially three ACS3 (>30 fold)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors speculate that differences in gene expression caused differences in ethylene and ABA production, leading to differences in phytotoxicity between the two weeds.
Verbatim
t0“Barnyardgrass and Yerbadetajo”
e1“We speculated that differences in gene expression caused differences in ethylene and ABA production, leading to differences in phytotoxicity”