Abstract
To counteract RNA interference-mediated antiviral defence, virus genomes evolved to express proteins that inhibit this plant defence mechanism. Using six independent biological approaches, we show that orchid fleck dichorhavirus citrus strain (OFV-citrus) movement protein (MP) may act as a viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR). By using the alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) RNA 3 expression vector, it was observed that the MP triggered necrosis response in transgenic tobacco leaves and increased the viral RNA (vRNA) accumulation. The use of the potato virus X (PVX) expression system revealed that the cis expression of MP increased both the severity of the PVX infection and the accumulation of PVX RNAs, further supporting that MP could act as an RNA silencing suppressor (RSS). From the analysis of the RSS-defective turnip crinkle virus (TCV), we do not find local RSS activity for MP, suggesting a link between MP suppressor activity and the prevention of systemic silencing. In the analysis of local suppressive activity using the GFP-based agroinfiltration assay in Nicotiana benthamiana (16 c line), we do not identify local RSS activity for the five OFV RNA1-encoded proteins. However, when evaluating the small interfering RNA (siRNA) accumulation, we find that the expression of MP significantly reduces the accumulation of GFP-derived siRNA. Finally, we examine whether the MP can prevent systemic silencing in 16c plants. Our findings show that MP inhibits the long-distance spread of RNA silencing, but does not affect the short-distance spread. Together, our findings indicate that MP is part of OFV’s counter-defence mechanism, acting mainly in the prevention of systemic long-distance silencing. This work presents the first report of a VSR for a member of the genus Dichorhavirus .
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Orchid fleck virus movement protein triggered necrosis in transgenic tobacco leaves.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the MP triggered necrosis response in transgenic tobacco leaves and increased the viral RNA (vRNA) accumulation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Movement protein increased viral RNA accumulation in transgenic tobacco leaves.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- MPe0
- Gene
- MPe0
- Outcome
- viral RNA (vRNA) accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the MP triggered necrosis response in transgenic tobacco leaves and increased the viral RNA (vRNA) accumulation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Movement protein expression increased potato virus X infection severity.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae1 - Treatment
- cis expression of MPe0
- Interactor
- PVXPotato virus Xe0pathogen
- Gene
- MPe0
- Outcome
- severity of the PVX infectione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the cis expression of MP increased both the severity of the PVX infection and the accumulation of PVX RNAs”
t0“Orchid fleck dichorhavirus movement protein”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana (16 c line)”
e2“16c plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Movement protein expression increased potato virus X RNA accumulation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- cis expression of MPe0
- Interactor
- PVXPotato virus Xe0pathogen
- Gene
- MPe0
- Outcome
- accumulation of PVX RNAse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the cis expression of MP increased both the severity of the PVX infection and the accumulation of PVX RNAs”
t0“Orchid fleck dichorhavirus movement protein”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana (16 c line)”
e2“16c plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Movement protein showed no local RNA silencing suppressor activity in the turnip crinkle virus assay.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Gene
- MPe0
- Outcome
- local RSS activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we do not find local RSS activity for MP”
t0“Orchid fleck dichorhavirus movement protein”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana (16 c line)”
e2“16c plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The five OFV RNA1-encoded proteins showed no local RNA silencing suppressor activity in Nicotiana benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Gene
- five OFV RNA1-encoded proteinse0
- Outcome
- local RSS activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we do not identify local RSS activity for the five OFV RNA1-encoded proteins.”
t0“Orchid fleck dichorhavirus movement protein”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana (16 c line)”
e2“16c plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Movement protein expression significantly reduced GFP-derived siRNA accumulation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- expression of MPe0
- Gene
- MPe0
- Outcome
- accumulation of GFP-derived siRNAe0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of MP significantly reduces the accumulation of GFP-derived siRNA.”
t0“Orchid fleck dichorhavirus movement protein”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana (16 c line)”
e2“16c plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Movement protein inhibited long-distance spread of RNA silencing in 16c plants.
- Taxon
- 16c plantse2
- Treatment
- MPe0
- Gene
- MPe0
- Outcome
- long-distance spread of RNA silencinge0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“MP inhibits the long-distance spread of RNA silencing, but does not affect the short-distance spread.”
t0“Orchid fleck dichorhavirus movement protein”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana (16 c line)”
e2“16c plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Movement protein did not affect short-distance spread of RNA silencing in 16c plants.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“MP inhibits the long-distance spread of RNA silencing, but does not affect the short-distance spread.”
t0“Orchid fleck dichorhavirus movement protein”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana (16 c line)”
e2“16c plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors identify movement protein as an orchid fleck virus suppressor of systemic RNA silencing.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Gene
- MPe0
- Outcome
- prevention of systemic long-distance silencinge0
- Qualifier
- counter-defence mechanisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“MP is part of OFV’s counter-defence mechanism, acting mainly in the prevention of systemic long-distance silencing.”
t0“Orchid fleck dichorhavirus movement protein”
e1“Nicotiana benthamiana (16 c line)”
e2“16c plants”
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