Abstract
Abstract Vermicompost (VC) is a rich source of HA that improves plant growth and yield indices such as fresh and dry weights, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and chlorophyll index value. In this study, the effect of foliar application of HA extracted from different types of VC enriched with bacteria and/or fertilizers, commercial HA (CHA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) on the growth characteristics of canola ( Brassica napus ) in greenhouse conditions were compared. According to the results, the foliar application of HA extracted from VC had complete superiority over CHA and IAA in most traits except for the leaf number. Furthermore, the highest level of foliar application of HA (600 mg L −1 ) enriched with Azotobacter chroococcum (21Az) + Pseudomonas fluorescens (Ps 59) (HA-AS) generated the highest height, diameter, leaf area, and chlorophyll index value. Also, the highest stomatal conductance and photosynthesis rate were observed with the application of 600 mg L −1 HA extracted from VC enriched with nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus (HA-NSP) compared to the other treatments. Besides, dry and fresh weights and seed yield under HA-NSP and HA-AS treatments were at their highest rate. Among the extracted HAs, the one extracted from the nitrogen enriched VC had the lowest efficiency. Based on the present study, the HA extracted from VC enriched with Azotobacter , Pseudomonas and NSP is recommended to increase canola growth and production.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar application of HA extracted from vermicompost was superior to commercial HA and IAA in most growth traits, except leaf number.
- Taxon
- Brassica napus
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napuse0 - Treatment
- foliar application of HA extracted from VCe1
- Outcome
- most traitse1
- Direction
- superioritye1
- Qualifier
- except for the leaf numbere1
- Comparator
- CHA and IAAe1
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the effect of foliar application of HA extracted from different types of VC enriched with bacteria and/or fertilizers, commercial HA (CHA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) on the growth characteristics of canola ( Brassica napus ) in greenhouse conditions were compared”
e1“the foliar application of HA extracted from VC had complete superiority over CHA and IAA in most traits except for the leaf number”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest level of foliar HA enriched with Azotobacter chroococcum and Pseudomonas fluorescens gave the highest height, diameter and leaf area.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- HA (600 mg L −1) enriched with Azotobacter chroococcum (21Az) + Pseudomonas fluorescens (Ps 59) (HA-AS)e2
- Outcome
- height, diameter, leaf areae2
- Direction
- higheste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of foliar application of HA extracted from different types of VC enriched with bacteria and/or fertilizers, commercial HA (CHA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) on the growth characteristics of canola ( Brassica napus ) in greenhouse conditions were compared”
e2“the highest level of foliar application of HA (600 mg L −1) enriched with Azotobacter chroococcum (21Az) + Pseudomonas fluorescens (Ps 59) (HA-AS) generated the highest height, diameter, leaf area, and chlorophyll index value”
Claim · model-written summary
The same HA-AS treatment gave the highest chlorophyll index value.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- HA (600 mg L −1) enriched with Azotobacter chroococcum (21Az) + Pseudomonas fluorescens (Ps 59) (HA-AS)e2
- Outcome
- chlorophyll index valuee2
- Direction
- higheste2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of foliar application of HA extracted from different types of VC enriched with bacteria and/or fertilizers, commercial HA (CHA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) on the growth characteristics of canola ( Brassica napus ) in greenhouse conditions were compared”
e2“the highest level of foliar application of HA (600 mg L −1) enriched with Azotobacter chroococcum (21Az) + Pseudomonas fluorescens (Ps 59) (HA-AS) generated the highest height, diameter, leaf area, and chlorophyll index value”
Claim · model-written summary
HA extracted from vermicompost enriched with nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus gave the highest stomatal conductance and photosynthesis rate compared with the other treatments.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- 600 mg L −1 HA extracted from VC enriched with nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus (HA-NSP)e3
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance and photosynthesis ratee3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Comparator
- the other treatmentse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of foliar application of HA extracted from different types of VC enriched with bacteria and/or fertilizers, commercial HA (CHA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) on the growth characteristics of canola ( Brassica napus ) in greenhouse conditions were compared”
e3“the highest stomatal conductance and photosynthesis rate were observed with the application of 600 mg L −1 HA extracted from VC enriched with nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus (HA-NSP) compared to the other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
HA-NSP and HA-AS gave the highest dry and fresh weights and seed yield.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- HA-NSP and HA-AS treatmentse4
- Outcome
- dry and fresh weights and seed yielde4
- Direction
- highest ratee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of foliar application of HA extracted from different types of VC enriched with bacteria and/or fertilizers, commercial HA (CHA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) on the growth characteristics of canola ( Brassica napus ) in greenhouse conditions were compared”
e4“dry and fresh weights and seed yield under HA-NSP and HA-AS treatments were at their highest rate”
Claim · model-written summary
HA extracted from the nitrogen-enriched vermicompost had the lowest efficiency among the extracted HAs.
- Taxon
- Brassica napusBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- extracted from the nitrogen enriched VCe5
- Outcome
- efficiencye5
- Direction
- loweste5
- Comparator
- the extracted HAse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of foliar application of HA extracted from different types of VC enriched with bacteria and/or fertilizers, commercial HA (CHA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) on the growth characteristics of canola ( Brassica napus ) in greenhouse conditions were compared”
e5“Among the extracted HAs, the one extracted from the nitrogen enriched VC had the lowest efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
HA from vermicompost enriched with Azotobacter, Pseudomonas and NSP is recommended to increase canola growth and production.
- Taxon
- canola
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus var. napuse6 - Outcome
- the HA extracted from VC enriched with Azotobacter , Pseudomonas and NSPe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e6“the HA extracted from VC enriched with Azotobacter , Pseudomonas and NSP is recommended to increase canola growth and production”
The same questions in other papers
sulfur atom · yield · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results differ
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- no effect
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Pseudomonas fluorescens · growth · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
sulfur atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Brassica napus (oilseed rape)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
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- negative
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12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
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197 papers in the same direction as this paper · 34 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
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See all 239 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.