Abstract
Abstract The effects of drought and nitrogen on growth of winter oilseed rape were investigated during 1991–93 on a coarse sandy soil. Drought in the flowering phase or in the pod-filling phase or throughout the seasons was partly combined with three nitrogen levels of 200, 100 and 0 kg N ha−1. During the dry years 1992 and 1993, at 200 kg N ha−1, seed yield, pod number and seeds per pod were strongly decreased by drought, whereas the seed weight increased after drought during flowering. The straw yield was less affected by drought. Lower nitrogen levels reduced seed yield in the fully irrigated treatments; in the unirrigated treatments, however, the yield was slightly higher at the 0 N and 100 N level than at 200 N in both 1992 and 1993. Nitrogen and drought increased the nitrogen concentration of the seeds and decreased the oil concentration. The interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was estimated from spectral reflectance ratio measurements. The dry-matter: radiation quotient (∊t) for top biomass growth was 2.38 g MJ−1 when growth was not limited by drought. Prolonged drought stress reduced both interception of PAR and ∊1 to the same degree. ∊t was little affected by lower nitrogen levels, which mainly reduced the interception of PAR. Seed yield was linearly related to PAR intercepted during the pod-filling phase with an apparent seed dry matter: radiation quotient of 2.47 g MJ−1. However, in treatments severely drought stressed in the flowering phase, up to 65% of the assimilates produced during pod filling ended up in the straw fraction, because the sink size of the seeds was limited.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Drought strongly decreased seed yield at 200 kg N ha−1 during 1992 and 1993.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rape
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napust0 - Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- at 200 kg N ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“During the dry years 1992 and 1993, at 200 kg N ha−1, seed yield, pod number and seeds per pod were strongly decreased by drought, whereas the seed weight increased after drought during flowering.”
t0“Winter Oilseed Rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought strongly decreased pod number at 200 kg N ha−1 during 1992 and 1993.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- pod numbere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- at 200 kg N ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the dry years 1992 and 1993, at 200 kg N ha−1, seed yield, pod number and seeds per pod were strongly decreased by drought, whereas the seed weight increased after drought during flowering.”
t0“Winter Oilseed Rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought strongly decreased seeds per pod at 200 kg N ha−1 during 1992 and 1993.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- seeds per pode0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- at 200 kg N ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the dry years 1992 and 1993, at 200 kg N ha−1, seed yield, pod number and seeds per pod were strongly decreased by drought, whereas the seed weight increased after drought during flowering.”
t0“Winter Oilseed Rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought during flowering increased seed weight.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- drought during floweringe0
- Outcome
- seed weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“During the dry years 1992 and 1993, at 200 kg N ha−1, seed yield, pod number and seeds per pod were strongly decreased by drought, whereas the seed weight increased after drought during flowering.”
t0“Winter Oilseed Rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw yield was less affected by drought.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- less affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The straw yield was less affected by drought.”
t0“Winter Oilseed Rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower nitrogen reduced seed yield with full irrigation.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Lower nitrogen levelse0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- fully irrigated treatmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower nitrogen levels reduced seed yield in the fully irrigated treatments; in the unirrigated treatments, however, the yield was slightly higher at the 0 N and 100 N level than at 200 N in both 1992 and 1993.”
t0“Winter Oilseed Rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Under no irrigation, yield at 0 N was slightly higher than at 200 N.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- 0 Ne0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- slightly highere0
- Qualifier
- unirrigated treatmentse0
- Comparator
- 200 Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower nitrogen levels reduced seed yield in the fully irrigated treatments; in the unirrigated treatments, however, the yield was slightly higher at the 0 N and 100 N level than at 200 N in both 1992 and 1993.”
t0“Winter Oilseed Rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Under no irrigation, yield at 100 N was slightly higher than at 200 N.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- 100 Ne0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- slightly highere0
- Qualifier
- unirrigated treatmentse0
- Comparator
- 200 Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower nitrogen levels reduced seed yield in the fully irrigated treatments; in the unirrigated treatments, however, the yield was slightly higher at the 0 N and 100 N level than at 200 N in both 1992 and 1993.”
t0“Winter Oilseed Rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased nitrogen concentration of the seeds.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Nitrogene0
- Outcome
- nitrogen concentration of the seedse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen and drought increased the nitrogen concentration of the seeds and decreased the oil concentration.”
t0“Winter Oilseed Rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen decreased oil concentration.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Nitrogene0
- Outcome
- oil concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen and drought increased the nitrogen concentration of the seeds and decreased the oil concentration.”
t0“Winter Oilseed Rape”
Claim · model-written summary
drought increased nitrogen concentration of the seeds.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- nitrogen concentration of the seedse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen and drought increased the nitrogen concentration of the seeds and decreased the oil concentration.”
t0“Winter Oilseed Rape”
Claim · model-written summary
drought decreased oil concentration.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- droughte0
- Outcome
- oil concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen and drought increased the nitrogen concentration of the seeds and decreased the oil concentration.”
t0“Winter Oilseed Rape”
Claim · model-written summary
The dry-matter to radiation quotient for top biomass growth was 2.38 g MJ−1 without drought limitation.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Outcome
- dry-matter: radiation quotient (∊t)e0
- Value
- 2.38 g MJ−1e0
- Qualifier
- when growth was not limited by droughte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dry-matter: radiation quotient (∊t) for top biomass growth was 2.38 g MJ−1 when growth was not limited by drought.”
t0“Winter Oilseed Rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Prolonged drought reduced interception of PAR.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Prolonged drought stresse0
- Outcome
- interception of PARe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prolonged drought stress reduced both interception of PAR and ∊1 to the same degree.”
t0“Winter Oilseed Rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Prolonged drought reduced ∊1.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Prolonged drought stresse0
- Outcome
- ∊1e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prolonged drought stress reduced both interception of PAR and ∊1 to the same degree.”
t0“Winter Oilseed Rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower nitrogen had little effect on ∊t.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- lower nitrogen levelse0
- Outcome
- ∊te0
- Direction
- little affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“∊t was little affected by lower nitrogen levels, which mainly reduced the interception of PAR.”
t0“Winter Oilseed Rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower nitrogen mainly reduced PAR interception.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- lower nitrogen levelse0
- Outcome
- interception of PARe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“∊t was little affected by lower nitrogen levels, which mainly reduced the interception of PAR.”
t0“Winter Oilseed Rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield was linearly related to PAR intercepted during pod filling, with an apparent quotient of 2.47 g MJ−1.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Organ / stage
- pod-filling phasee0
- Outcome
- Seed yielde0
- Value
- 2.47 g MJ−1e0
- Qualifier
- PAR interceptede0
Not reportedCompoundDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed yield was linearly related to PAR intercepted during the pod-filling phase with an apparent seed dry matter: radiation quotient of 2.47 g MJ−1.”
t0“Winter Oilseed Rape”
Claim · model-written summary
With severe flowering-phase drought, up to 65% of pod-filling assimilates entered straw.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- severely drought stressed in the flowering phasee0
- Outcome
- assimilates produced during pod filling ended up in the straw fractione0
- Value
- up to 65%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in treatments severely drought stressed in the flowering phase, up to 65% of the assimilates produced during pod filling ended up in the straw fraction, because the sink size of the seeds was limited.”
t0“Winter Oilseed Rape”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attributed the high straw allocation to limited seed sink size.
- Taxon
- winter oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Outcome
- assimilates produced during pod filling ended up in the straw fractione0
- Qualifier
- sink size of the seeds was limitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in treatments severely drought stressed in the flowering phase, up to 65% of the assimilates produced during pod filling ended up in the straw fraction, because the sink size of the seeds was limited.”
t0“Winter Oilseed Rape”
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