Abstract
Canola ( Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.) is an important cash crop in the Prairie Provinces of Canada. The majority of canola is grown in the Parkland zone where many soils are deficient or potentially deficient in plant-available S for optimum seed yield of canola. Because canola has high S requirements and S is immobile in plants, its deficiency can occur any time during the growing season and drastically reduce canola seed yield, particularly on soils fertilized well with N and P. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of sulphate-S fertilizer (potassium sulphate) applied using various application methods at seeding and during the growing season for yield, seed quality and S uptake of canola on S-deficient soils. Six field experiments (two sites per year from 1998 to 2000) were conducted on Grey Luvisol soils in north-eastern Saskatchewan. Fertilizer treatments were no fertilizer, N (120 kg N ha -1 ) alone at seeding, S (30 kg S ha -1 ) alone at seeding, and N (120 kg N ha -1 ) at seeding + S (15 and 30 kg S ha -1 ) at seeding, bolting and flowering stages of canola. Methods of S application were surface broadcast and incorporated into the soil, sidebanded and seedrow placed at seeding, and topdressed and foliar sprayed at bolting and early flowering. Canola at all experimental sites showed severe S deficiency symptoms. Compared to N alone, N + S fertilization increased yield, oil content and S uptake of seed in all cases, increased yield and S uptake of seed + straw in most cases, while protein content of seed and S index (ratio of S uptake in seed to S uptake in seed + straw) were not influenced consistently. A trend of seeding > bolting > flowering time of S applications was generally shown by yield and S uptake of seed and seed + straw, and by S index. There were no noticeable differences among treatments applied at seeding. Topdressing at bolting and flowering tended to produce less seed yield than foliar-applied S in few cases and method of S application had no consistent effect on other parameters. Increasing the rate from 15 to 30 kg S ha -1 generally increased yield and S uptake of seed and seed + straw, but had no consistent effect on oil and protein contents in seed and S index. Fertilizer S alone tended to increase yield, oil content and S uptake of seed but had no effect on seed protein content. However, application of N alone tended to reduce yield, oil content and S uptake of seed while it had an inconsistent effect on yield and S uptake of seed + straw and S index. In conclusion, application of sulphate-S fertilizer on S-deficient soils improved yield, seed quality and S uptake of canola, with applications at seeding generally more effective than at bolting and early flowering stages. The results suggest that application of sulphate-S can correct S deficiency in canola if it occurs in the growing season, and restore seed yield substantially at bolting and moderately at early flowering. Key words: Application times, canola, placement methods, seed quality, S index, S rates
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
N + S fertilization increased seed yield, oil content and seed S uptake relative to N alone in all cases.
- Taxon
- canola
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus var. napuse2 - Treatment
- N + S fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- yield, oil content and S uptake of seede1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- in all casese1
- Comparator
- N alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Compared to N alone, N + S fertilization increased yield, oil content and S uptake of seed in all cases, increased yield and S uptake of seed + straw in most cases”
e2“Canola ( Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.) is an important cash crop in the Prairie Provinces of Canada”
Claim · model-written summary
N + S fertilization increased seed plus straw yield and seed plus straw S uptake relative to N alone in most cases.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse2
- Treatment
- N + S fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- yield and S uptake of seed + strawe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- in most casese1
- Comparator
- N alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared to N alone, N + S fertilization increased yield, oil content and S uptake of seed in all cases, increased yield and S uptake of seed + straw in most cases”
e2“Canola ( Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.) is an important cash crop in the Prairie Provinces of Canada”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of N alone tended to reduce seed yield, oil content and seed S uptake of canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse2
- Treatment
- application of N alonee3
- Outcome
- yield, oil content and S uptake of seede3
- Direction
- tended to reducee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“application of N alone tended to reduce yield, oil content and S uptake of seed”
e2“Canola ( Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.) is an important cash crop in the Prairie Provinces of Canada”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer S alone tended to increase seed yield, oil content and seed S uptake of canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse2
- Treatment
- Fertilizer S alonee4
- Outcome
- yield, oil content and S uptake of seede4
- Direction
- tended to increasee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Fertilizer S alone tended to increase yield, oil content and S uptake of seed but had no effect on seed protein content”
e2“Canola ( Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.) is an important cash crop in the Prairie Provinces of Canada”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer S alone had no effect on seed protein content of canola.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse2
- Treatment
- Fertilizer S alonee4
- Outcome
- seed protein contente4
- Direction
- had no effecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Fertilizer S alone tended to increase yield, oil content and S uptake of seed but had no effect on seed protein content”
e2“Canola ( Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.) is an important cash crop in the Prairie Provinces of Canada”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the S rate from 15 to 30 kg S ha -1 generally increased canola seed yield and seed plus straw S uptake.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse2
- Treatment
- rate from 15 to 30 kg S ha -1e5
- Outcome
- yield and S uptake of seed and seed + strawe5
- Direction
- generally increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Increasing the rate from 15 to 30 kg S ha -1 generally increased yield and S uptake of seed and seed + straw, but had no consistent effect on oil and protein contents in seed and S index”
e2“Canola ( Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.) is an important cash crop in the Prairie Provinces of Canada”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the S rate from 15 to 30 kg S ha -1 had no consistent effect on canola oil and protein contents or S index.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse2
- Treatment
- rate from 15 to 30 kg S ha -1e5
- Outcome
- oil and protein contents in seed and S indexe5
- Direction
- had no consistent effecte5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Increasing the rate from 15 to 30 kg S ha -1 generally increased yield and S uptake of seed and seed + straw, but had no consistent effect on oil and protein contents in seed and S index”
e2“Canola ( Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.) is an important cash crop in the Prairie Provinces of Canada”
Claim · model-written summary
S applied at seeding was generally more effective for canola than S applied at bolting and early flowering.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse6
- Treatment
- applications at seedinge6
- Outcome
- yield, seed quality and S uptakee6
- Direction
- more effectivee6
- Comparator
- bolting and early flowering stagese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“application of sulphate-S fertilizer on S-deficient soils improved yield, seed quality and S uptake of canola, with applications at seeding generally more effective than at bolting and early flowering stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Topdressing S at bolting and flowering tended to give less canola seed yield than foliar-applied S in few cases.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse2
- Treatment
- Topdressing at bolting and floweringe7
- Outcome
- seed yielde7
- Direction
- lesse7
- Qualifier
- in few casese7
- Comparator
- foliar-applied Se7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Topdressing at bolting and flowering tended to produce less seed yield than foliar-applied S in few cases”
e2“Canola ( Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.) is an important cash crop in the Prairie Provinces of Canada”
Claim · model-written summary
Method of S application had no consistent effect on other canola parameters.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse2
- Treatment
- method of S applicatione3
- Outcome
- other parameterse3
- Direction
- had no consistent effecte3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“method of S application had no consistent effect on other parameters”
e2“Canola ( Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.) is an important cash crop in the Prairie Provinces of Canada”
Claim · model-written summary
There were no noticeable differences in canola results among S treatments applied at seeding.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse2
- Treatment
- treatments applied at seedinge3
- Outcome
- differences among treatmentse3
- Direction
- no noticeable differencese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“There were no noticeable differences among treatments applied at seeding”
e2“Canola ( Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.) is an important cash crop in the Prairie Provinces of Canada”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulphate-S application is suggested to restore canola seed yield substantially at bolting and moderately at early flowering.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse1
- Treatment
- application of sulphate-Se1
- Outcome
- seed yielde1
- Direction
- restoree1
- Qualifier
- substantially at bolting and moderately at early floweringe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“application of sulphate-S can correct S deficiency in canola if it occurs in the growing season, and restore seed yield substantially at bolting and moderately at early flowering”
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