Abstract
The nanoencapsulation of nitric oxide (NO) donors is an attractive technique to protect these molecules from rapid degradation, expanding, and enabling their use in agriculture. Here, we evaluated the effect of the soil application of chitosan nanoparticles containing S-nitroso-MSA (a S-nitrosothiol) on the protection of soybeans (Glycine max cv. BRS 257) against copper (Cu) stress. Soybeans were grown in a greenhouse in soil supplemented with 164 and 244 mg kg−1 Cu and treated with a free or nanoencapsulated NO donor at 1 mM, as well as with nanoparticles without NO. There were also soybean plants treated with distilled water and maintained in soil without Cu addition (control), and with Cu addition (water). The exogenous application of the nanoencapsulated and free S-nitroso-MSA improved the growth and promoted the maintenance of the photosynthetic activity in Cu-stressed plants. However, only the nanoencapsulated S-nitroso-MSA increased the bioavailability of NO in the roots, providing a more significant induction of the antioxidant activity, the attenuation of oxidative damage, and a greater capacity to mitigate the root nutritional imbalance triggered by Cu stress. The results suggest that the nanoencapsulation of the NO donors enables a more efficient delivery of NO for the protection of soybean plants under Cu stress.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoencapsulated S-nitroso-MSA improved Cu-stressed soybean growth.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- nanoencapsulatede0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- Cu-stressed plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The exogenous application of the nanoencapsulated and free S-nitroso-MSA improved the growth and promoted the maintenance of the photosynthetic activity in Cu-stressed plants”
t0“Soybean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Free S-nitroso-MSA improved Cu-stressed soybean growth.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- free S-nitroso-MSAe0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- Cu-stressed plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The exogenous application of the nanoencapsulated and free S-nitroso-MSA improved the growth and promoted the maintenance of the photosynthetic activity in Cu-stressed plants”
t0“Soybean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoencapsulated S-nitroso-MSA maintained photosynthetic activity under Cu stress.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- nanoencapsulatede0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- maintenancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The exogenous application of the nanoencapsulated and free S-nitroso-MSA improved the growth and promoted the maintenance of the photosynthetic activity in Cu-stressed plants”
t0“Soybean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Free S-nitroso-MSA maintained photosynthetic activity under Cu stress.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- free S-nitroso-MSAe0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- maintenancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The exogenous application of the nanoencapsulated and free S-nitroso-MSA improved the growth and promoted the maintenance of the photosynthetic activity in Cu-stressed plants”
t0“Soybean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Only nanoencapsulated S-nitroso-MSA increased root NO bioavailability.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- nanoencapsulatede0
- Outcome
- bioavailability of NOe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- freet1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only the nanoencapsulated S-nitroso-MSA increased the bioavailability of NO in the roots”
t0“Soybean Plants”
t1“The exogenous application of the nanoencapsulated and free S-nitroso-MSA improved the growth and promoted the maintenance of the photosynthetic activity in Cu-stressed plants. However, only the nanoencapsulated S-nitroso-MSA increased the bioavailability of NO in the roots, providing a more significant induction of the antioxidant activity, the attenuation of oxidative damage, and a greater capacity to mitigate the root nutritional imbalance triggered by Cu stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoencapsulation induced greater antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- nanoencapsulated S-nitroso-MSAt1
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- inductione0
- Comparator
- freet1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“providing a more significant induction of the antioxidant activity”
t0“Soybean Plants”
t1“The exogenous application of the nanoencapsulated and free S-nitroso-MSA improved the growth and promoted the maintenance of the photosynthetic activity in Cu-stressed plants. However, only the nanoencapsulated S-nitroso-MSA increased the bioavailability of NO in the roots, providing a more significant induction of the antioxidant activity, the attenuation of oxidative damage, and a greater capacity to mitigate the root nutritional imbalance triggered by Cu stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoencapsulation attenuated oxidative damage.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- nanoencapsulated S-nitroso-MSAt1
- Outcome
- oxidative damagee0
- Direction
- attenuatione0
- Comparator
- freet1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the attenuation of oxidative damage”
t0“Soybean Plants”
t1“The exogenous application of the nanoencapsulated and free S-nitroso-MSA improved the growth and promoted the maintenance of the photosynthetic activity in Cu-stressed plants. However, only the nanoencapsulated S-nitroso-MSA increased the bioavailability of NO in the roots, providing a more significant induction of the antioxidant activity, the attenuation of oxidative damage, and a greater capacity to mitigate the root nutritional imbalance triggered by Cu stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoencapsulation better mitigated root nutritional imbalance.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- nanoencapsulated S-nitroso-MSAt1
- Outcome
- root nutritional imbalancee0
- Direction
- mitigatee0
- Comparator
- freet1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a greater capacity to mitigate the root nutritional imbalance triggered by Cu stress”
t0“Soybean Plants”
t1“The exogenous application of the nanoencapsulated and free S-nitroso-MSA improved the growth and promoted the maintenance of the photosynthetic activity in Cu-stressed plants. However, only the nanoencapsulated S-nitroso-MSA increased the bioavailability of NO in the roots, providing a more significant induction of the antioxidant activity, the attenuation of oxidative damage, and a greater capacity to mitigate the root nutritional imbalance triggered by Cu stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoencapsulation enables more efficient NO delivery for soybean protection under Cu stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- protection of soybean plants under Cu stresse0
- Qualifier
- more efficient delivery of NOe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nanoencapsulation of the NO donors enables a more efficient delivery of NO for the protection of soybean plants under Cu stress”
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