Long-term cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) productivity under reduced irrigation and weed control inputs

Claim · model-written summary

In the first six plant-stage ages, mean cardoon dry biomass yield was 21.65 t ha−1.

Taxon

cardoonCynara cardunculuse0

Outcome

total dry biomasse0

Value

21.65e0

Qualifier

initial six plant stage agese0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“During the initial six plant stage ages, the cardoon total dry biomass, seed, oil and potential energy yields, averaged 21.65, 1.92 and 0.53 t ha−1, as well as 364.719 GJ ha−1, respectively”

Claim · model-written summary

In the first six plant-stage ages, mean cardoon seed yield was 1.92 t ha−1.

Taxon

cardoonCynara cardunculuse0

Outcome

seede0

Value

1.92 and 0.53 t ha−1e0

Qualifier

initial six plant stage agese0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“During the initial six plant stage ages, the cardoon total dry biomass, seed, oil and potential energy yields, averaged 21.65, 1.92 and 0.53 t ha−1, as well as 364.719 GJ ha−1, respectively”

Claim · model-written summary

In the first six plant-stage ages, mean cardoon oil yield was 0.53 t ha−1.

Taxon

cardoonCynara cardunculuse0

Outcome

oile0

Value

0.53 t ha−1e0

Qualifier

initial six plant stage agese0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“During the initial six plant stage ages, the cardoon total dry biomass, seed, oil and potential energy yields, averaged 21.65, 1.92 and 0.53 t ha−1, as well as 364.719 GJ ha−1, respectively”

Claim · model-written summary

In the first six plant-stage ages, mean potential energy yield was 364.719 GJ ha−1.

Taxon

cardoonCynara cardunculuse0

Outcome

potential energy yieldse0

Value

364.719 GJ ha−1e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“During the initial six plant stage ages, the cardoon total dry biomass, seed, oil and potential energy yields, averaged 21.65, 1.92 and 0.53 t ha−1, as well as 364.719 GJ ha−1, respectively”

Claim · model-written summary

The C12 variety was generally the most productive cardoon variety.

Taxon

cardoonCynara cardunculust0

Material

var. C12e0

Outcome

most productivee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“with the var. C12, in most cases, the most productive”

t0

“cardoon”

Claim · model-written summary

No irrigation slightly reduced cardoon yield components.

Taxon

cardoonCynara cardunculuse0

Treatment

non-irrigatione0

Outcome

yield componentse0

Direction

reductione0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“Both conditions of non-irrigation and weed competition caused a slight reduction in cardoon yield components.”

Claim · model-written summary

Weed competition slightly reduced cardoon yield components.

Taxon

cardoonCynara cardunculuse0

Treatment

weed competitione0

Interactor

weede0weed

Outcome

yield componentse0

Direction

reductione0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“Both conditions of non-irrigation and weed competition caused a slight reduction in cardoon yield components.”

Claim · model-written summary

During the next five plant-stage ages, cardoon biomass yield fell to a mean 11.10 t ha−1.

Taxon

cardoonCynara cardunculust0

Outcome

corresponding yieldse0

Direction

dramatically reducede0

Value

11.10, 0.52 and 0.15 t ha−1e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“during the next five plant stage ages, the corresponding yields were dramatically reduced and averaged 11.10, 0.52 and 0.15 t ha−1, as well as 185.153 GJ ha−1”

t0

“cardoon”

Claim · model-written summary

During the next five plant-stage ages, mean cardoon seed yield fell to 0.52 t ha−1.

Taxon

cardoonCynara cardunculust0

Outcome

corresponding yieldse0

Direction

dramatically reducede0

Value

0.52 and 0.15 t ha−1e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“during the next five plant stage ages, the corresponding yields were dramatically reduced and averaged 11.10, 0.52 and 0.15 t ha−1”

t0

“cardoon”

Claim · model-written summary

During the next five plant-stage ages, mean cardoon oil yield fell to 0.15 t ha−1.

Taxon

cardoonCynara cardunculust0

Outcome

corresponding yieldse0

Direction

dramatically reducede0

Value

0.15 t ha−1e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“during the next five plant stage ages, the corresponding yields were dramatically reduced and averaged 11.10, 0.52 and 0.15 t ha−1”

t0

“cardoon”

Claim · model-written summary

During the next five plant-stage ages, mean potential energy yield fell to 185.153 GJ ha−1.

Taxon

cardoonCynara cardunculust0

Outcome

corresponding yieldse0

Direction

dramatically reducede0

Value

185.153 GJ ha−1e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“during the next five plant stage ages, the corresponding yields were dramatically reduced and averaged 11.10, 0.52 and 0.15 t ha−1, as well as 185.153 GJ ha−1”

t0

“cardoon”

Claim · model-written summary

Reduced cardoon regrowth and shorter stems mainly explained later yield decline.

Taxon

cardoonCynara cardunculuse0

Outcome

reduced regrowth and the shorter height of cardoon stemse0

Qualifier

mainly due to reduced regrowth and the shorter height of cardoon stemse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“mainly due to reduced regrowth and the shorter height of cardoon stems”

Claim · model-written summary

Irrigation generally did not affect cardoon productivity in the later five ages.

Taxon

cardoonCynara cardunculuse0

Treatment

irrigatione0

Outcome

cardoon productivitye0

Direction

did not affecte0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“In this period, irrigation and weed management did not affect in most cases cardoon productivity.”

Claim · model-written summary

Weed management generally did not affect cardoon productivity in the later five ages.

Taxon

cardoonCynara cardunculuse0

Treatment

weed managemente0

Interactor

weede0weed

Outcome

cardoon productivitye0

Direction

did not affecte0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“In this period, irrigation and weed management did not affect in most cases cardoon productivity.”

Claim · model-written summary

The authors suggest that reduced-input cardoon cultivation beyond year six may not be economically acceptable.

Taxon

cardoonCynara cardunculuse0

Outcome

may not be economically acceptable for farmerse0

Qualifier

after the sixth yeare0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“the under-reduced inputs cultivation of cardoon after the sixth year may not be economically acceptable for farmers.”

Claim · model-written summary

The authors conclude cardoon can be grown with reduced inputs for at least six years.

Taxon

cardoonCynara cardunculuse0

Outcome

cultivated under reduced inputse0

Value

6 yearse0

Setting

Mediterranean fieldse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0

“cardoon can be cultivated under reduced inputs, at least for 6 years, constituting one of the eligible energy crops for farmers in the hot and semi-arid Mediterranean fields.”