Abstract
Effective nutrition and irrigation are important nursery strategies to produce high-quality seedlings able to withstand heat and drought stress in the field. The objectives of this study were 2-fold, first to identify the influence of two nitrogen (N) levels (75 and 150 mg·L −1 ) and two fertigation (FR) methods, overhead (OH) and flotation (FL) of artichoke ( Cynara cardunculus cv. Green Globe Improved) transplants on root/shoot growth and leaf physiology during the nursery period. A repeated greenhouse experiment was conducted and morphophysiological measurements were determined at 4 and 7 weeks after seeding (WAS). The second objective was to determine the impact of the nursery treatments (FR method and N level) on the subsequent crop growth and yield under three field irrigation methods [surface drip, subsurface drip, and overhead-linear system (OH-L)]. Field measurements were conducted at 50 and 150 days after field transplanting (DAT) during Fall–Winter 2015. Transplants fertilized with 75 mg·L −1 N (low N) had improved root components as compared to those with 150 mg·L −1 N (high N), especially at 4 WAS. The low N transplants had higher root surface area, root length, root branching, thinner root diameter, and less shoot area than the high N transplants. Wilting for low N transplants was 13.5% less than that for high N at 5 DAT, with a total yield similar or slightly higher than those of high N. Although growth of OH and FL transplants was statistically similar at transplanting, those irrigated with OH (greenhouse) had a 10% higher yield than FL irrigated transplants, regardless of the field irrigation method evaluated. Overall, low N level (75 mg·L −1 N) applied with OH irrigation in the nursery positively improved the transplant root system and transplant quality of artichoke seedlings.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Transplants fertilized with 75 mg·L −1 N had improved root components compared with 150 mg·L −1 N, especially at 4 WAS.
- Taxon
- Globe Artichoke
Cynara cardunculus var. scolymust0 - Material
- Green Globe Improvede1
- Organ / stage
- Transplantse2
- Treatment
- 75 mg·L −1 Ne2
- Outcome
- root componentse2
- Direction
- improvede2
- Qualifier
- especially at 4 WASe2
- Comparator
- 150 mg·L −1 Ne2
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Globe Artichoke”
e0“A repeated greenhouse experiment was conducted”
e1“Cynara cardunculus cv. Green Globe Improved”
e2“Transplants fertilized with 75 mg·L −1 N (low N) had improved root components as compared to those with 150 mg·L −1 N (high N), especially at 4 WAS”
Claim · model-written summary
Low N transplants had higher root surface area, root length and root branching than high N transplants.
- Taxon
- Globe ArtichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- low Ne3
- Outcome
- root surface area, root length, root branchinge3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- high Ne3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Globe Artichoke”
e3“The low N transplants had higher root surface area, root length, root branching, thinner root diameter, and less shoot area than the high N transplants”
Claim · model-written summary
Low N transplants had thinner root diameter than high N transplants.
- Taxon
- Globe ArtichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- low Ne3
- Outcome
- root diametere3
- Direction
- thinnere3
- Comparator
- high Ne3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Globe Artichoke”
e3“The low N transplants had higher root surface area, root length, root branching, thinner root diameter, and less shoot area than the high N transplants”
Claim · model-written summary
Low N transplants had less shoot area than high N transplants.
- Taxon
- Globe ArtichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- low Ne3
- Outcome
- shoot areae3
- Direction
- lesse3
- Comparator
- high Ne3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Globe Artichoke”
e3“The low N transplants had higher root surface area, root length, root branching, thinner root diameter, and less shoot area than the high N transplants”
Claim · model-written summary
Wilting of low N transplants was 13.5% less than that of high N transplants at 5 DAT.
- Taxon
- Globe ArtichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- low Ne4
- Outcome
- Wiltinge4
- Direction
- lesse4
- Value
- 13.5%e4
- Qualifier
- at 5 DATe4
- Comparator
- high Ne4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Globe Artichoke”
e4“Wilting for low N transplants was 13.5% less than that for high N at 5 DAT”
Claim · model-written summary
Total yield of low N transplants was similar to or slightly higher than that of high N transplants.
- Taxon
- Globe ArtichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- low Ne4
- Outcome
- total yielde5
- Direction
- similar or slightly highere5
- Comparator
- high Ne5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Globe Artichoke”
e4“Wilting for low N transplants was 13.5% less than that for high N at 5 DAT”
e5“with a total yield similar or slightly higher than those of high N”
Claim · model-written summary
Transplants irrigated with OH had a 10% higher yield than FL irrigated transplants, regardless of the field irrigation method.
- Taxon
- Globe ArtichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- irrigated with OHe6
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Direction
- highere6
- Value
- 10%e6
- Qualifier
- regardless of the field irrigation method evaluatede6
- Comparator
- FL irrigated transplantse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Globe Artichoke”
e6“those irrigated with OH (greenhouse) had a 10% higher yield than FL irrigated transplants, regardless of the field irrigation method evaluated”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth of OH and FL transplants was statistically similar at transplanting.
- Taxon
- Globe ArtichokeCynara cardunculus var. scolymust0
- Treatment
- OHe7
- Outcome
- growthe7
- Direction
- statistically similare7
- Qualifier
- at transplantinge7
- Comparator
- FLe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Globe Artichoke”
e7“growth of OH and FL transplants was statistically similar at transplanting”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · growth · Cynara cardunculus (cardoon)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →irrigation · yield · Cynara cardunculus (cardoon)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.