Abstract
The faba bean plant (Vicia faba L.) is one of the world’s most important legume crops and can be infected with various viral diseases that affect its production. One of the more significant viruses in terms of economic impact is bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV). The current study used the molecularly identified Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strain 33504-Borg1, a nitrogen-fixing bacteria, to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to control BYMV disease in faba bean plants. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a particle size analyzer (PSA) with dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the prepared AgNPs. The DLS, SEM, and TEM analyses revealed that the AgNPs were spherical and rough, with sizes ranging from 13.7 to 40 nm. The FTIR analysis recognized various functional groups related to AgNP capping and stability. Under greenhouse conditions, spraying faba bean leaves with the AgNPs (100 µg/mL) 24 h before BYMV inoculation induced plant resistance and reduced plant disease severity and virus concentration levels. Contrarily, the AgNP treatment enhanced plant health by raising photosynthetic rates, increasing the fresh and dry weight of the faba bean plants, and increasing other measured metrics to levels comparable to healthy controls. Antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) inhibited the development of BYMV in the faba bean plants treated with the AgNPs. The AgNPs decreased oxidative stress markers (H2O2 and MDA) in the faba bean plants. The plants treated with the AgNPs showed higher expression levels of PR-1 and HQT than the control plants. The study findings could be used to develop a simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly method of protecting the faba bean plant from BYMV.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Prepared AgNPs were spherical and rough and ranged from 13.7 to 40 nm.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The DLS, SEM, and TEM analyses revealed that the AgNPs were spherical and rough, with sizes ranging from 13.7 to 40 nm.”
Claim · model-written summary
FTIR recognized functional groups related to AgNP capping and stability.
- Outcome
- various functional groupse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The FTIR analysis recognized various functional groups related to AgNP capping and stability.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spraying AgNPs before BYMV inoculation induced resistance and reduced disease severity and virus concentration in faba bean under greenhouse conditions.
- Taxon
- faba bean
Vicia fabae0 - Treatment
- spraying faba bean leaves with the AgNPs (100 µg/mL)e0
- Interactor
- BYMV
Bean yellow mosaic viruse0pathogen - Outcome
- plant disease severity and virus concentration levelse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 24 h before BYMV inoculatione0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under greenhouse conditions, spraying faba bean leaves with the AgNPs (100 µg/mL) 24 h before BYMV inoculation induced plant resistance and reduced plant disease severity and virus concentration levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
AgNP treatment raised photosynthetic rates in faba bean.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- AgNP treatmente0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratese0
- Direction
- raisinge0
- Comparator
- healthy controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Contrarily, the AgNP treatment enhanced plant health by raising photosynthetic rates, increasing the fresh and dry weight of the faba bean plants, and increasing other measured metrics to levels comparable to healthy controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
AgNP treatment increased faba bean fresh and dry weight and other measured metrics to levels comparable to healthy controls.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- AgNP treatmente0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- other measured metrics to levels comparable to healthy controlse0
- Comparator
- healthy controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Contrarily, the AgNP treatment enhanced plant health by raising photosynthetic rates, increasing the fresh and dry weight of the faba bean plants, and increasing other measured metrics to levels comparable to healthy controls.”
Claim · model-written summary
Peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase inhibited BYMV development in AgNP-treated faba bean.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Interactor
- BYMVBean yellow mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Gene
- peroxidase and polyphenol oxidasee0
- Outcome
- development of BYMVe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) inhibited the development of BYMV in the faba bean plants treated with the AgNPs.”
Claim · model-written summary
AgNPs decreased H2O2 and MDA oxidative stress markers in faba bean.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Treatment
- AgNPse0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress markers (H2O2 and MDA)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AgNPs decreased oxidative stress markers (H2O2 and MDA) in the faba bean plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
AgNP-treated plants had higher PR-1 and HQT expression than controls.
- Taxon
- Faba BeanVicia fabat0
- Treatment
- AgNPse0
- Gene
- PR-1 and HQTe0
- Outcome
- expression levels of PR-1 and HQTe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plants treated with the AgNPs showed higher expression levels of PR-1 and HQT than the control plants.”
t0“Faba Bean Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The findings could support a simple, low-cost and environmentally friendly method to protect faba bean from BYMV.
- Taxon
- faba beanVicia fabae0
- Interactor
- BYMVBean yellow mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- develop a simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly method of protecting the faba bean plant from BYMVe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The study findings could be used to develop a simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly method of protecting the faba bean plant from BYMV.”
The same questions in other papers
silver nanoparticle · growth · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
silver nanoparticle · physiology: photosynthesis · Vicia faba (faba bean)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
silver nanoparticle · Bean yellow mosaic virus · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
inoculation · molecular: expression · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
inoculation · physiology: oxidative · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
inoculation · Bean yellow mosaic virus · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
application · Bean yellow mosaic virus · Vicia faba (faba bean)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.