Abstract
The groundnut crop harbours heavy weed infestation due to its small stature and slow growing nature. The current weed management practices of hand weeding and use of commercial herbicides are unsuitable because of high labour cost and inadequate moisture availability to activate herbicides. In order to release the herbicide in a smart way, this experiment aimed to study the efficacy of encapsulated herbicides . Field experiments were conducted during Kharif 2021 and late Rabi 2022 under rainfed conditions in randomised block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of sulfentrazone, oxyfluorfen, diclosulam and metolachlor in both commercial and encapsulated form using two doses, hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS, weed free plot and weedy check. Minimum weed density (28.33 and 17.30 No./m2 at 90 DAS during Kharif and late Rabi respectively) and weed dry weight (65.33 and 61.25 g/m2 at 90 DAS during Kharif and late Rabi respectively) were observed in hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (T19) followed by diclosulam @ 25 g ha-1 with encapsulation (T7). Maximum weed density and weed dry weight was observed in metolachlor @ 1 kg/ha with encapsulation (T8). Higher productivity was observed in hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (T19) (1802 kg ha-1 and 1753 kg ha-1 pod yield during Kharif and late Rabi respectively) and higher profitability was obtained in diclosulam @ 25 g ha-1 with encapsulation (T7) (1.80 and 2.01 B:C ratio during (Kharif and late Rabi respectively). Nano-encapsulated herbicides can thus significantly improve weed control in rainfed groundnut.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding gave minimum weed density in Kharif.
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- hand weeding at 20 and 40 DASe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- Minimume0
- Value
- 28.33e0
- Qualifier
- Kharife0
- Comparator
- diclosulam @ 25 g ha-1 with encapsulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Minimum weed density (28.33 and 17.30 No./m2 at 90 DAS during Kharif and late Rabi respectively) and weed dry weight (65.33 and 61.25 g/m2 at 90 DAS during Kharif and late Rabi respectively) were observed in hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (T19) followed by diclosulam @ 25 g ha-1 with encapsulation (T7).”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding gave minimum weed density in late Rabi.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- hand weeding at 20 and 40 DASe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed densitye0
- Direction
- Minimume0
- Value
- 17.30 No./m2e0
- Qualifier
- late Rabie0
- Comparator
- diclosulam @ 25 g ha-1 with encapsulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Minimum weed density (28.33 and 17.30 No./m2 at 90 DAS during Kharif and late Rabi respectively) and weed dry weight (65.33 and 61.25 g/m2 at 90 DAS during Kharif and late Rabi respectively) were observed in hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (T19) followed by diclosulam @ 25 g ha-1 with encapsulation (T7).”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding gave minimum weed dry weight in Kharif.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- hand weeding at 20 and 40 DASe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed dry weighte0
- Direction
- Minimume0
- Value
- 65.33e0
- Qualifier
- Kharife0
- Comparator
- diclosulam @ 25 g ha-1 with encapsulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Minimum weed density (28.33 and 17.30 No./m2 at 90 DAS during Kharif and late Rabi respectively) and weed dry weight (65.33 and 61.25 g/m2 at 90 DAS during Kharif and late Rabi respectively) were observed in hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (T19) followed by diclosulam @ 25 g ha-1 with encapsulation (T7).”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding gave minimum weed dry weight in late Rabi.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- hand weeding at 20 and 40 DASe0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed dry weighte0
- Direction
- Minimume0
- Value
- 61.25 g/m2e0
- Qualifier
- late Rabie0
- Comparator
- diclosulam @ 25 g ha-1 with encapsulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Minimum weed density (28.33 and 17.30 No./m2 at 90 DAS during Kharif and late Rabi respectively) and weed dry weight (65.33 and 61.25 g/m2 at 90 DAS during Kharif and late Rabi respectively) were observed in hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (T19) followed by diclosulam @ 25 g ha-1 with encapsulation (T7).”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Encapsulated metolachlor gave maximum weed density and dry weight.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- metolachlor @ 1 kg/ha with encapsulatione0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed density and weed dry weighte0
- Direction
- Maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum weed density and weed dry weight was observed in metolachlor @ 1 kg/ha with encapsulation (T8).”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding yielded 1802 kg ha-1 pods in Kharif.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- hand weeding at 20 and 40 DASe0
- Outcome
- pod yielde0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Value
- 1802 kg ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- Kharife0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher productivity was observed in hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (T19) (1802 kg ha-1 and 1753 kg ha-1 pod yield during Kharif and late Rabi respectively)”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand weeding yielded 1753 kg ha-1 pods in late Rabi.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- hand weeding at 20 and 40 DASe0
- Outcome
- pod yielde0
- Direction
- Highere0
- Value
- 1753 kg ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- late Rabie0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher productivity was observed in hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS (T19) (1802 kg ha-1 and 1753 kg ha-1 pod yield during Kharif and late Rabi respectively)”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Encapsulated diclosulam gave a 1.80 benefit cost ratio in Kharif.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- diclosulam @ 25 g ha-1 with encapsulatione0
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.80e0
- Qualifier
- Kharife0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher profitability was obtained in diclosulam @ 25 g ha-1 with encapsulation (T7) (1.80 and 2.01 B:C ratio during (Kharif and late Rabi respectively)”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
Encapsulated diclosulam gave a 2.01 benefit cost ratio in late Rabi.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- diclosulam @ 25 g ha-1 with encapsulatione0
- Outcome
- B:C ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.01e0
- Qualifier
- late Rabie0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher profitability was obtained in diclosulam @ 25 g ha-1 with encapsulation (T7) (1.80 and 2.01 B:C ratio during (Kharif and late Rabi respectively)”
t0“groundnut”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude nano-encapsulated herbicides improve weed control in rainfed groundnut.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- Nano-encapsulated herbicidese0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nano-encapsulated herbicides can thus significantly improve weed control in rainfed groundnut.”
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