Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) play important roles in plant–insect interactions by altering plant physiology and histology. We hypothesized that UV-B-induced oxidative stress was mitigated by AMF symbiosis. In this study, we conducted a multifactorial experiment to explore lettuce plant response to AMF inoculation and UV-B exposure (0.4 W m−2; 16 h d−1; 2 weeks), either together or individually, as well as the interaction with the polyphagous insect pest Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Lettuce plants subjected to UV-B radiation showed an increase in callose and oxidative stress indicators, as well as a decrease in stomatal density. Mycorrhizal colonization cancelled out the effect of UV-B on stomatal density, while the symbiosis was not affected by UV-B treatment. The plant volatile emission was significantly altered by UV-B treatment. Specifically, the non-terpene 1-undecene abundance (+M/+UVB: 48.0 ± 7.78%; −M/+UVB: 56.6 ± 14.90%) was increased, whereas the content of the non-terpene aldehydes decanal (+M/+UVB: 8.50 ± 3.90%; −M/+UVB: 8.0 ± 4.87%) and undecanal (+M/+UVB: 2.1 ± 0.65%; −M/+UVB: 1.20 ± 1.18%) and the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (+M/+UVB: 18.0 ± 9.62 %; −M/+UVB: 19.2 ± 5.90%) was decreased. Mycorrhization, on the other hand, had no significant effect on the plant volatilome, regardless of UV-B treatment. Aphid population was unaffected by any of the treatments, implying a neutral plant response. Overall, this study provides new insights about the interactions among plants, UV-B, and AMF, outlining their limited impact on a polyphagous insect pest.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B increased callose and oxidative stress indicators in lettuce.
- Taxon
- Lettuce
Lactuca sativae1 - Treatment
- UV-B radiatione1
- Outcome
- callose and oxidative stress indicatorse1
- Direction
- increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lettuce plants subjected to UV-B radiation showed an increase in callose and oxidative stress indicators, as well as a decrease in stomatal density”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B decreased stomatal density in lettuce.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- UV-B radiatione1
- Outcome
- stomatal densitye1
- Direction
- decreasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lettuce plants subjected to UV-B radiation showed an increase in callose and oxidative stress indicators, as well as a decrease in stomatal density”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal colonization cancelled out the UV-B effect on lettuce stomatal density.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- Mycorrhizal colonizatione2
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- stomatal densitye2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lettuce plants subjected to UV-B radiation showed an increase in callose and oxidative stress indicators, as well as a decrease in stomatal density”
e2“Mycorrhizal colonization cancelled out the effect of UV-B on stomatal density, while the symbiosis was not affected by UV-B treatment”
e0“lettuce plant response to AMF inoculation and UV-B exposure (0.4 W m−2; 16 h d−1; 2 weeks), either together or individually, as well as the interaction with the polyphagous insect pest Myzus persicae (Sulzer)”
Claim · model-written summary
The symbiosis was not affected by UV-B treatment.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- UV-B treatmente2
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- symbiosise2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lettuce plants subjected to UV-B radiation showed an increase in callose and oxidative stress indicators, as well as a decrease in stomatal density”
e2“Mycorrhizal colonization cancelled out the effect of UV-B on stomatal density, while the symbiosis was not affected by UV-B treatment”
e0“lettuce plant response to AMF inoculation and UV-B exposure (0.4 W m−2; 16 h d−1; 2 weeks), either together or individually, as well as the interaction with the polyphagous insect pest Myzus persicae (Sulzer)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhization had no significant effect on the lettuce volatilome, regardless of UV-B treatment.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- Mycorrhizatione6
- Outcome
- plant volatilomee6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
- Qualifier
- regardless of UV-B treatmente6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lettuce plants subjected to UV-B radiation showed an increase in callose and oxidative stress indicators, as well as a decrease in stomatal density”
e6“Mycorrhization, on the other hand, had no significant effect on the plant volatilome, regardless of UV-B treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B significantly altered lettuce plant volatile emission.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- UV-B treatmente3
- Outcome
- plant volatile emissione3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lettuce plants subjected to UV-B radiation showed an increase in callose and oxidative stress indicators, as well as a decrease in stomatal density”
e3“The plant volatile emission was significantly altered by UV-B treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1-undecene abundance increased under UV-B with mycorrhization (+M/+UVB: 48.0 ± 7.78%).
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- UV-B treatmente3
- Outcome
- 1-undecene abundancee4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 48.0 ± 7.78%e4
- Qualifier
- +M/+UVBe4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lettuce plants subjected to UV-B radiation showed an increase in callose and oxidative stress indicators, as well as a decrease in stomatal density”
e3“The plant volatile emission was significantly altered by UV-B treatment”
e4“the non-terpene 1-undecene abundance (+M/+UVB: 48.0 ± 7.78%; −M/+UVB: 56.6 ± 14.90%) was increased”
Claim · model-written summary
The decanal content decreased under UV-B with mycorrhization (+M/+UVB: 8.50 ± 3.90%).
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- UV-B treatmente3
- Outcome
- decanale5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 8.50 ± 3.90%e5
- Qualifier
- +M/+UVBe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lettuce plants subjected to UV-B radiation showed an increase in callose and oxidative stress indicators, as well as a decrease in stomatal density”
e3“The plant volatile emission was significantly altered by UV-B treatment”
e5“the content of the non-terpene aldehydes decanal (+M/+UVB: 8.50 ± 3.90%; −M/+UVB: 8.0 ± 4.87%) and undecanal (+M/+UVB: 2.1 ± 0.65%; −M/+UVB: 1.20 ± 1.18%) and the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (+M/+UVB: 18.0 ± 9.62 %; −M/+UVB: 19.2 ± 5.90%) was decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
The undecanal content decreased under UV-B with mycorrhization (+M/+UVB: 2.1 ± 0.65%).
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- UV-B treatmente3
- Outcome
- undecanale5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 2.1 ± 0.65%e5
- Qualifier
- +M/+UVBe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lettuce plants subjected to UV-B radiation showed an increase in callose and oxidative stress indicators, as well as a decrease in stomatal density”
e3“The plant volatile emission was significantly altered by UV-B treatment”
e5“the content of the non-terpene aldehydes decanal (+M/+UVB: 8.50 ± 3.90%; −M/+UVB: 8.0 ± 4.87%) and undecanal (+M/+UVB: 2.1 ± 0.65%; −M/+UVB: 1.20 ± 1.18%) and the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (+M/+UVB: 18.0 ± 9.62 %; −M/+UVB: 19.2 ± 5.90%) was decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
The sesquiterpene hydrocarbons decreased under UV-B with mycorrhization (+M/+UVB: 18.0 ± 9.62 %).
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- UV-B treatmente3
- Outcome
- sesquiterpene hydrocarbonse5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 18.0 ± 9.62 %e5
- Qualifier
- +M/+UVBe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lettuce plants subjected to UV-B radiation showed an increase in callose and oxidative stress indicators, as well as a decrease in stomatal density”
e3“The plant volatile emission was significantly altered by UV-B treatment”
e5“the content of the non-terpene aldehydes decanal (+M/+UVB: 8.50 ± 3.90%; −M/+UVB: 8.0 ± 4.87%) and undecanal (+M/+UVB: 2.1 ± 0.65%; −M/+UVB: 1.20 ± 1.18%) and the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (+M/+UVB: 18.0 ± 9.62 %; −M/+UVB: 19.2 ± 5.90%) was decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Aphid (Myzus persicae) population was unaffected by any of the AMF and UV-B treatments.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- AMF inoculation and UV-B exposuree0
- Interactor
- Myzus persicae
Myzus persicaee0pest - Outcome
- Aphid populatione7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Lettuce plants subjected to UV-B radiation showed an increase in callose and oxidative stress indicators, as well as a decrease in stomatal density”
e7“Aphid population was unaffected by any of the treatments, implying a neutral plant response”
e0“lettuce plant response to AMF inoculation and UV-B exposure (0.4 W m−2; 16 h d−1; 2 weeks), either together or individually, as well as the interaction with the polyphagous insect pest Myzus persicae (Sulzer)”
The same questions in other papers
uv · Myzus persicae · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
uv · physiology: oxidative · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
mycorrhiza · physiology: gas exchange · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
uv · physiology: gas exchange · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.