Abstract
The identification of the application stage and correct dose of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide is important so that wheat is not harmed. In view of this, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2,4-D doses applied at different development stages of wheat crop. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, arranged in a 4 × 5 factorial scheme, with four replications. In factor A, the application stages (before tillering, tillering, first node and booting) were allocated and the doses of 2,4-D (0, 349, 698, 1047 and 1396 g.ha–1) were allocated in factor B. The variables evaluated were phytotoxicity at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after application of the treatments (DAT), photosynthetic activity, CO2 internal concentration, stomatal conductance, efficient water use and carboxylation efficiency. The number of spikes·m–2, spike length and number of full and sterile grains were determined in the preharvest. Thousand grain mass, grain yield and hectoliter weight were determined after harvest. The results demonstrate that the herbicide caused phytotoxicity to wheat, being greater in increasing doses and mainly before tillering, causing grain sterility and decreased productivity. The other yield components did not present difference when increasing the dose and application in different stages as well as the physiological variables. The increase of the 2,4-D doses applied before tillering and in the booting stage caused linear decrease in wheat grain yield.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D caused wheat phytotoxicity, which was greater at increasing doses and before tillering.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- before tilleringe0
- Treatment
- herbicidee0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results demonstrate that the herbicide caused phytotoxicity to wheat, being greater in increasing doses and mainly before tillering”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D caused grain sterility in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-Dt0
- Outcome
- grain sterilitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“causing grain sterility and decreased productivity”
t0“2,4-D application interfere in the physiology and wheat grains yield components”
Claim · model-written summary
2,4-D decreased wheat productivity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 2,4-Dt0
- Outcome
- productivitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“causing grain sterility and decreased productivity”
t0“2,4-D application interfere in the physiology and wheat grains yield components”
Claim · model-written summary
Other wheat yield components did not differ by dose and application stage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing the dose and application in different stagese0
- Outcome
- other yield componentse0
- Direction
- did not present differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The other yield components did not present difference when increasing the dose and application in different stages”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat physiological variables did not differ by dose and application stage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increasing the dose and application in different stagese0
- Outcome
- physiological variablese0
- Direction
- did not present differencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The other yield components did not present difference when increasing the dose and application in different stages as well as the physiological variables.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing 2,4-D dose before tillering caused a linear decrease in wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increase of the 2,4-D doses applied before tilleringe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- linear decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase of the 2,4-D doses applied before tillering and in the booting stage caused linear decrease in wheat grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing 2,4-D dose at booting caused a linear decrease in wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- booting stagee0
- Treatment
- 2,4-D doses applied before tillering and in the booting stagee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- linear decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase of the 2,4-D doses applied before tillering and in the booting stage caused linear decrease in wheat grain yield.”
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