Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) are essential macronutrients for plants. Sufficient N and K uptake from the environment is required for successful growth and development. However, how N and K influence each other at the molecular level in plants is largely unknown. In this study, we found loss-of-function mutation in SLAH3 (SLAC1 HOMOLOGUE 3), encoding a NO3- efflux channel in Arabidopsis thaliana, enhanced tolerance to high KNO3 concentrations. Surprisingly, slah3 mutants were less sensitive to high K+ but not NO3-. Addition of NO3- led to reduced phenotypic difference between wild-type and slah3 plants, suggesting SLAH3 orchestrates NO3--K+ balance. Non-invasive Micro-test Technology analysis revealed reduced NO3- efflux and enhanced K+ efflux in slah3 mutants, demonstrating that SLAH3-mediated NO3- transport and SLAH3-affected K+ flux are critical in response to high K +. Further investigation showed that two K+ efflux channels, GORK (GATED OUTWARDLY-RECTIFYING K+ CHANNEL) and SKOR (STELAR K+ OUTWARD RECTIFIER), interacted with SLAH3 and played key roles in high K+ response. The gork and skor mutants were slightly more sensitive to high K+ conditions. Less depolarization occurred in slah3 mutants and enhanced depolarization was observed in gork and skor mutants upon K+ treatment, suggesting NO3-/K+ efflux-mediated membrane potential regulation is involved in high K+ response. Electrophysiological results showed that SLAH3 partially inhibited the activities of GORK and SKOR in Xenopus laevis oocytes. This study revealed that the anion channel SLAH3 interacts with the potassium channels GORK and SKOR to modulate membrane potential by coordinating N-K balance.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
SLAH3 loss of function enhanced tolerance to high KNO3.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- loss-of-function mutation in SLAH3e0
- Gene
- SLAH3e0
- Outcome
- tolerance to high KNO3 concentrationse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“loss-of-function mutation in SLAH3 (SLAC1 HOMOLOGUE 3), encoding a NO3- efflux channel in Arabidopsis thaliana, enhanced tolerance to high KNO3 concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
slah3 mutants were less sensitive to high K+ but not NO3-.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- slah3 mutantse0
- Outcome
- sensitive to high K+e0
- Direction
- lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“slah3 mutants were less sensitive to high K+ but not NO3-”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
NO3- addition reduced the phenotypic difference between wild-type and slah3 plants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- slah3 plantse0
- Treatment
- Addition of NO3-e0
- Outcome
- phenotypic differencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- wild-typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of NO3- led to reduced phenotypic difference between wild-type and slah3 plants”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
slah3 mutants had reduced NO3- efflux.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- slah3 mutantse0
- Outcome
- NO3- effluxe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced NO3- efflux and enhanced K+ efflux in slah3 mutants”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
slah3 mutants had enhanced K+ efflux.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- slah3 mutantse0
- Outcome
- K+ effluxe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced NO3- efflux and enhanced K+ efflux in slah3 mutants”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
GORK and SKOR interacted with SLAH3.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- GORKe0
- Outcome
- interacted with SLAH3e0
- Qualifier
- SKORe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two K+ efflux channels, GORK (GATED OUTWARDLY-RECTIFYING K+ CHANNEL) and SKOR (STELAR K+ OUTWARD RECTIFIER), interacted with SLAH3”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
gork mutants were slightly more sensitive to high K+.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- gorke0
- Outcome
- sensitive to high K+ conditionse0
- Direction
- moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The gork and skor mutants were slightly more sensitive to high K+ conditions”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
skor mutants were slightly more sensitive to high K+.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- skor mutantse0
- Outcome
- sensitive to high K+ conditionse0
- Direction
- moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The gork and skor mutants were slightly more sensitive to high K+ conditions”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
slah3 mutants showed less depolarization after K+ treatment.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- slah3 mutantse0
- Treatment
- K+ treatmente0
- Outcome
- depolarizatione0
- Direction
- Lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Less depolarization occurred in slah3 mutants and enhanced depolarization was observed in gork and skor mutants upon K+ treatment”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
gork and skor mutants showed enhanced depolarization after K+ treatment.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- gork and skor mutantse0
- Treatment
- K+ treatmente0
- Outcome
- depolarizatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced depolarization was observed in gork and skor mutants upon K+ treatment”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
SLAH3 partially inhibited GORK and SKOR activity in Xenopus oocytes.
- Taxon
- Xenopus laevis
Xenopus laevise0 - Gene
- SLAH3e0
- Outcome
- activities of GORK and SKORe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SLAH3 partially inhibited the activities of GORK and SKOR in Xenopus laevis oocytes”
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