Abstract
Background: Fusarium wilt and Ascochyta blight are the most important diseases of chickpea. The current study was designed to investigate the individual and combined effect of salicylic acid (SA) with Pseudomonas stutzeri and Pseudomonas putida to suppress Fusarium wilt and promote growth of chickpea varieties: Thal-2006 and Punjab-2008. Methods: At the time of sowing, inoculum of Fusarium oxysporum was applied to the soil and the incidence of Fusarium wilt was recorded after 60 days. The seeds were inoculated with Pseudomonas stutzeri and Pseudomonas putida prior to sowing. Chickpea plants were treated with salicylic acid at seedling stage. Results: The combination of P. stutzeri and SA significantly increased root length (166% and 145%), shoot height (50% and 47%) and shoot biomass (300% and 233%) in cv. Thal-2006 and cv. Punjab-2008, respectively, in infected plants. Similarly, the combined treatment of P. putida + SA, also enhanced the plant growth parameters of chickpea varieties. Maximum reduction in disease severity was observed in both P. stutzeri + SA (90% and 84%) and P. putida + SA (79% and 77%) treatments in cv. Thal-2006 and Punjab-2008, respectively. Both P. putida + SA and P. stutzeri + SA treatments resulted in increased leaf relative water and total protein content, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and polyphenol oxidase activities in both resistant (cv. Thal-2006) and susceptible (cv. Punjab-2008) cultivars. Both treatments also significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content in cv. Thal-2006 and Punjab-2008. Cultivar Thal-2006 was more effective than cv. Punjab-2008. Conclusions: The results suggested that, in combination, salicylic acid and P. stutzeri may play an important role in controlling Fusarium wilt diseases by inducing systemic resistance in chickpea.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
The P. stutzeri and SA combination increased root length by 166% in cv. Thal-2006 under infection.
- Taxon
- Chickpea
Cicer arietinumt0 - Material
- Thal-2006e0
- Treatment
- combination of P. stutzeri and SAe0
- Interactor
- P. stutzerie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 166%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea”
e0“The combination of P. stutzeri and SA significantly increased root length (166% and 145%), shoot height (50% and 47%) and shoot biomass (300% and 233%) in cv. Thal-2006 and cv. Punjab-2008, respectively, in infected plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The P. stutzeri and SA combination increased root length by 145% in cv. Punjab-2008 under infection.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- Punjab-2008e0
- Treatment
- combination of P. stutzeri and SAe0
- Interactor
- P. stutzerie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 145%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea”
e0“The combination of P. stutzeri and SA significantly increased root length (166% and 145%), shoot height (50% and 47%) and shoot biomass (300% and 233%) in cv. Thal-2006 and cv. Punjab-2008, respectively, in infected plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The P. stutzeri and SA combination increased shoot height by 50% in cv. Thal-2006 under infection.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- Thal-2006e0
- Treatment
- combination of P. stutzeri and SAe0
- Interactor
- P. stutzerie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- shoot heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea”
e0“The combination of P. stutzeri and SA significantly increased root length (166% and 145%), shoot height (50% and 47%) and shoot biomass (300% and 233%) in cv. Thal-2006 and cv. Punjab-2008, respectively, in infected plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The P. stutzeri and SA combination increased shoot height by 47% in cv. Punjab-2008 under infection.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- Punjab-2008e0
- Treatment
- combination of P. stutzeri and SAe0
- Interactor
- P. stutzerie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- shoot heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 47%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea”
e0“The combination of P. stutzeri and SA significantly increased root length (166% and 145%), shoot height (50% and 47%) and shoot biomass (300% and 233%) in cv. Thal-2006 and cv. Punjab-2008, respectively, in infected plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The P. stutzeri and SA combination increased shoot biomass by 300% in cv. Thal-2006 under infection.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- Thal-2006e0
- Treatment
- combination of P. stutzeri and SAe0
- Interactor
- P. stutzerie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 300%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea”
e0“The combination of P. stutzeri and SA significantly increased root length (166% and 145%), shoot height (50% and 47%) and shoot biomass (300% and 233%) in cv. Thal-2006 and cv. Punjab-2008, respectively, in infected plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The P. stutzeri and SA combination increased shoot biomass by 233% in cv. Punjab-2008 under infection.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- Punjab-2008e0
- Treatment
- combination of P. stutzeri and SAe0
- Interactor
- P. stutzerie0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 233%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea”
e0“The combination of P. stutzeri and SA significantly increased root length (166% and 145%), shoot height (50% and 47%) and shoot biomass (300% and 233%) in cv. Thal-2006 and cv. Punjab-2008, respectively, in infected plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The P. putida and SA combination enhanced plant growth parameters of chickpea varieties.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- P. putida + SAe1
- Interactor
- P. putida
Pseudomonas putidae1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- plant growth parameterse1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea”
e1“Similarly, the combined treatment of P. putida + SA, also enhanced the plant growth parameters of chickpea varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
The P. stutzeri and SA combination reduced disease severity by 90% in cv. Thal-2006.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- Thal-2006e2
- Treatment
- P. stutzeri + SAe2
- Second interactor
- P. stutzerie2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease severitye2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 90%e2
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea”
e2“Maximum reduction in disease severity was observed in both P. stutzeri + SA (90% and 84%) and P. putida + SA (79% and 77%) treatments in cv. Thal-2006 and Punjab-2008, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The P. stutzeri and SA combination reduced disease severity by 84% in cv. Punjab-2008.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- Punjab-2008e2
- Treatment
- P. stutzeri + SAe2
- Second interactor
- P. stutzerie2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease severitye2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 84%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea”
e2“Maximum reduction in disease severity was observed in both P. stutzeri + SA (90% and 84%) and P. putida + SA (79% and 77%) treatments in cv. Thal-2006 and Punjab-2008, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The P. putida and SA combination reduced disease severity by 79% in cv. Thal-2006.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- Thal-2006e2
- Treatment
- P. putida + SAe2
- Second interactor
- P. putidaPseudomonas putidae2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease severitye2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 79%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea”
e2“Maximum reduction in disease severity was observed in both P. stutzeri + SA (90% and 84%) and P. putida + SA (79% and 77%) treatments in cv. Thal-2006 and Punjab-2008, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The P. putida and SA combination reduced disease severity by 77% in cv. Punjab-2008.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- Punjab-2008e2
- Treatment
- P. putida + SAe2
- Second interactor
- P. putidaPseudomonas putidae2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease severitye2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 77%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea”
e2“Maximum reduction in disease severity was observed in both P. stutzeri + SA (90% and 84%) and P. putida + SA (79% and 77%) treatments in cv. Thal-2006 and Punjab-2008, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Both treatments increased leaf relative water and total protein content, and peroxidase activity, in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- resistant (cv. Thal-2006) and susceptible (cv. Punjab-2008) cultivarse3
- Treatment
- P. putida + SA and P. stutzeri + SAe3
- Outcome
- leaf relative water and total protein content, peroxidasee3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea”
e3“Both P. putida + SA and P. stutzeri + SA treatments resulted in increased leaf relative water and total protein content, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and polyphenol oxidase activities in both resistant (cv. Thal-2006) and susceptible (cv. Punjab-2008) cultivars. Both treatments also significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content in cv. Thal-2006 and Punjab-2008”
Claim · model-written summary
Both treatments increased superoxide dismutase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and polyphenol oxidase activities in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- resistant (cv. Thal-2006) and susceptible (cv. Punjab-2008) cultivarse3
- Treatment
- P. putida + SA and P. stutzeri + SAe3
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and polyphenol oxidase activitiese3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea”
e3“Both P. putida + SA and P. stutzeri + SA treatments resulted in increased leaf relative water and total protein content, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and polyphenol oxidase activities in both resistant (cv. Thal-2006) and susceptible (cv. Punjab-2008) cultivars. Both treatments also significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content in cv. Thal-2006 and Punjab-2008”
Claim · model-written summary
Both treatments significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content in cv. Thal-2006 and Punjab-2008.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- Thal-2006 and Punjab-2008e3
- Treatment
- P. putida + SA and P. stutzeri + SAe3
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contente3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea”
e3“Both P. putida + SA and P. stutzeri + SA treatments resulted in increased leaf relative water and total protein content, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and polyphenol oxidase activities in both resistant (cv. Thal-2006) and susceptible (cv. Punjab-2008) cultivars. Both treatments also significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content in cv. Thal-2006 and Punjab-2008”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar Thal-2006 was more effective than cv. Punjab-2008.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Material
- Cultivar Thal-2006e4
- Outcome
- effectivee4
- Direction
- moree4
- Comparator
- cv. Punjab-2008e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea”
e4“Cultivar Thal-2006 was more effective than cv. Punjab-2008”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid and P. stutzeri in combination may control Fusarium wilt by inducing systemic resistance in chickpea.
- Taxon
- ChickpeaCicer arietinumt0
- Treatment
- salicylic acid and P. stutzerie5
- Second interactor
- P. stutzerie5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- controlling Fusarium wilt diseasese5
- Qualifier
- inducing systemic resistancee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Control Fusarium Wilt of Chickpea”
e5“in combination, salicylic acid and P. stutzeri may play an important role in controlling Fusarium wilt diseases by inducing systemic resistance in chickpea”
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.