Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) grain is an important source of nutrients in human diet. The differences in content and relations between certain components of maize grain impact grain colour and its nutritional quality. The objective of the Study was to examine effects of different fertilization systems: mineral fertilizer (urea), organic fertilizer, and bio-fertilizer on white, yellow, and red coloured maize hybrids, regarding grain yield and variations in content of antioxidants: phytate, phenolic compounds, glutathione, carotenoids (yellow pigment), and reduction capacity of DPPH radical. Two-fold higher average grain yield and double fold lower concentration of phenols and carotenoids were present in 2018, in comparison to drier 2017. The lowest phytate content and the highest values of phenols and DPPH reduction capacity were present in red maize kernel, as a hybrid with the highest yield, while in yellow maize kernel, the highest values of yellow pigment and glutathione occurred. The bio-fertilizer expressed the positive impact on reduction of phytate concentration and increase of phenols concentration in maize grain, while urea increased concentration of yellow pigment and glutathione. Correlation analysis showed that reduction in phytate and carotenoids was significant and positive related with grain yield increase, while phenols showed positive correlation with reduction capacity of DPPH radical. Thus, it was shown that changes in fertilization methods could affect antioxidants status in maize grain, particularly in red coloured maize, which besides high yield potential, possess remarkable higher antioxidant capacity in regard to yellow and white coloured maize.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Average grain yield was two-fold higher in 2018 than in drier 2017.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Variability in antioxidants in yellow, white, and red coloured maize grain in response to different fertilizers”
e0“Two-fold higher average grain yield and double fold lower concentration of phenols and carotenoids were present in 2018, in comparison to drier 2017”
Claim · model-written summary
Concentrations of phenols and carotenoids were double fold lower in 2018 than in drier 2017.
- Outcome
- concentration of phenols and carotenoidse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- double folde0
- Comparator
- drier 2017e0
- Setting
- 2018e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Variability in antioxidants in yellow, white, and red coloured maize grain in response to different fertilizers”
e0“Two-fold higher average grain yield and double fold lower concentration of phenols and carotenoids were present in 2018, in comparison to drier 2017”
Claim · model-written summary
Red maize kernel had the lowest phytate content.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Variability in antioxidants in yellow, white, and red coloured maize grain in response to different fertilizers”
e0“The lowest phytate content and the highest values of phenols and DPPH reduction capacity were present in red maize kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
Red maize kernel had the highest phenols and DPPH reduction capacity.
- Material
- red maizee0
- Organ / stage
- kernele0
- Outcome
- phenols and DPPH reduction capacitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Variability in antioxidants in yellow, white, and red coloured maize grain in response to different fertilizers”
e0“The lowest phytate content and the highest values of phenols and DPPH reduction capacity were present in red maize kernel”
Claim · model-written summary
The red maize hybrid had the highest yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Variability in antioxidants in yellow, white, and red coloured maize grain in response to different fertilizers”
e0“red maize kernel, as a hybrid with the highest yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow maize kernel had the highest values of yellow pigment and glutathione.
- Material
- yellow maizee0
- Organ / stage
- kernele0
- Outcome
- yellow pigment and glutathionee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Variability in antioxidants in yellow, white, and red coloured maize grain in response to different fertilizers”
e0“in yellow maize kernel, the highest values of yellow pigment and glutathione occurred”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilizer reduced phytate concentration in maize grain.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bio-fertilizer expressed the positive impact on reduction of phytate concentration and increase of phenols concentration in maize grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Bio-fertilizer increased phenols concentration in maize grain.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bio-fertilizer expressed the positive impact on reduction of phytate concentration and increase of phenols concentration in maize grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea increased concentrations of yellow pigment and glutathione in maize grain.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Variability in antioxidants in yellow, white, and red coloured maize grain in response to different fertilizers”
e0“urea increased concentration of yellow pigment and glutathione”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduction in phytate and carotenoids was significantly and positively related with grain yield increase.
- Organ / stage
- graine0
- Compound
- phytate and carotenoidse0
- Outcome
- grain yield increasee0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Variability in antioxidants in yellow, white, and red coloured maize grain in response to different fertilizers”
e0“reduction in phytate and carotenoids was significant and positive related with grain yield increase”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenols showed positive correlation with the reduction capacity of DPPH radical.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Variability in antioxidants in yellow, white, and red coloured maize grain in response to different fertilizers”
e0“phenols showed positive correlation with reduction capacity of DPPH radical”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in fertilization methods could affect antioxidants status in maize grain.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes in fertilization methods could affect antioxidants status in maize grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Red coloured maize has remarkably higher antioxidant capacity than yellow and white coloured maize.
- Material
- red coloured maizee0
- Outcome
- antioxidant capacitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- yellow and white coloured maizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“red coloured maize, which besides high yield potential, possess remarkable higher antioxidant capacity in regard to yellow and white coloured maize”
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See all 129 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.